ArticleBMJ open2019
Association between maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Performance Among Youths.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Supporting breastfeeding together: the role of fathers' attitude and self-efficacy in enhancing mothers' breastfeeding empowerment.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Workplace lactation support attenuates the association between early maternal return to work and preschool overweight/obesity in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of breastfeeding at 4-6 months of age on preschool neurodevelopmental outcomes: a nationwide population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends and determinants of breastfeeding continuation up to two years in Ethiopia: a two-decade analysis from EDHS (2000-2019).Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Article
- Predictors of mothers' home cord care, breastfeeding, and thermoregulation practices for newborns in a South-Eastern State, Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The link between breastfeeding profile and contraceptive use and barriers to breastfeeding: messages from a breastfeeding support center on the need for further strategies to improve breastfeeding.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Poor access to breastfeeding counseling services and associated factors among lactating mothers who had optimal antenatal care follow-up in Sub-saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the recent Demographic and Health Survey.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Trends and disparities in ever-breastfeeding practice and early breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia: a 20-year trend analysis from EDHS datasets.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The importance of community resources for breastfeeding.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Predictors of time to full enteral feeding in low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective follow up study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Mediating role of birth at a baby-friendly hospital in the association between parental socioeconomic status and infant exclusive breastfeeding at six months old.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The epidemiology and associated factors of non-exclusive breastfeeding: a comparative cross-sectional study of livelihood-secure and insecure areas.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Measurement and decomposition of education-related inequality in exclusive breastfeeding practice among Ethiopian mothers: applying Wagstaff decomposition analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Determinants of infant behavior and growth in breastfed late preterm and early term infants: a secondary data analysis.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between maternal education and breast feeding in the Chinese population, with a consideration of household income and health-seeking behaviours.
designA nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study.
setting77 counties from 12 geographically distinct regions in China.
participants10 408 mothers with children from 0 to 12 months of age, aged 15-53 years old (mean: 29.15, SD: 5.11) were classified into primary school or below group (n=781), middle school group (n=3842), high school/vocational school group (n=1990), college or above group (n=3795), according to their highest completed education. OUTCOMES: Five breastfeeding outcomes, including early initiation of breast feeding (EIB), exclusive breast feeding (EBF) under 6 months, predominant breast feeding under 6 months, current breast feeding and children ever breast fed, were calculated based on the standardised questionnaire from the WHO and Wellstart International's toolkit for monitoring and evaluating breastfeeding activities.
resultsThe absolute risk of EIB and EBF in the lowest maternal education level was 64.85% and 26.53%, respectively, whereas the absolute risk of EIB and EBF in the highest maternal education level was 77.21% and 14.06%, respectively. A higher level of maternal education was positively associated with EIB (risk ratio (RR): 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.30) and was inversely associated with EBF (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.88). Stratified by household income, a positive association with EIB was observed only in the group with the highest household income and an inverse association with EBF was found in both low household and high household income groups.
conclusionsMothers with a higher education were more likely to initiate early breast feeding when they were also from a high-income household while also being less likely to exclusively breast feed their babies. Routine and successful nursing is crucial for the health of infants and is influenced by maternal education. Future public health interventions to promote breast feeding should consider the issues related to the educational level of mothers.
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