ArticleBiomedical journal2019
Clinical and cytokine profile of adult acute necrotizing encephalopathy.
Article in Biomedical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Initiation of tocilizumab within 24 hours in acute necrotizing encephalopathy is related to a good outcome: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with COVID-19: case series and systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Influenza Associated Encephalopathy, Encephalitis, and Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis in Adults: A Scoping Review of 83 Cases.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy in a COVID-19 Patient With a Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab combined with different high-dose methylprednisolone regimens for acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in an adult presenting with typical imaging findings and distinctive cerebrospinal fluid characteristics: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and associated factors of pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a retrospective study.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Predictive value of ANE-SS combined with ferritin and DIC scores for mortality Risk in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Advances in the Study of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Case report: Distinct neurologic manifestation and cytokine profile of a child with COVID-19-associated acute fulminant encephalitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Case report: Reversible punctate inflammatory foci in the corpus callosum: A novel radiological finding of CAR T-cell therapy-related neurotoxicity.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Hyper-Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy-Like Syndrome in Early Pregnancy.The Neurohospitalist · 2022Article
- A case of successive development of possible acute necrotizing encephalopathy after COVID-19 pneumonia.SAGE open medical case reports · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology and Imaging Findings of COVID-19 Infection: An Organ-system Based Review.Academic radiology · 2021Review
- Brain dysfunction in COVID-19 and CAR-T therapy: cytokine storm-associated encephalopathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Review
- The Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) and Nervous System Involvement: Mechanisms of Neurological Disorders, Clinical Manifestations, and the Organization of Neurological Care.Neuroscience and behavioral physiology · 2021Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Pathogenesis of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: The Interface Between Systemic Infection and Neurologic Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Clinical and Radiologic Findings of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Young Adults.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2020Article
- The association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis without prominent clinical pulmonary symptoms.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Article
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronaviruses: A systematic review.Neurology, psychiatry, and brain research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a fulminant encephalopathy, is often found in childhood. It is still uncertain whether adult patients with ANE display clinical features different from patients with typical pediatric onset. Furthermore, alterations in neuroinflammatory factors in patients with ANE have not been well-characterized. Here, we present an adult patient with ANE, and review all reported adult ANE cases in the literature.
methodsSerum levels of five cytokines were checked in an adult patient with ANE and compared with gender/age-matched controls. Literature search was performed with PubMed, using the term as "acute necrotizing encephalopathy" with the filter of adult 19 + years.
resultsA total of 13 adult patients were reviewed. Compared with pediatric patients, adult ANE patients had similar clinical symptoms, biochemical data, and neuroimage findings, whereas adult ANE were more female-biased (female:male, 9:4) with a worse prognosis. Elevated cytokine levels in the serum and/or CSF is found in both adult-onset and pediatric-onset ANE. We found significantly elevated serum levels of IL-6 (17.17 pg/mL; healthy control: 1.43 ± 1.22 pg/mL) and VCAM-1 (3033.92 ng/mL; healthy control: 589.71 ± 133.13 ng/mL), and decreased serum TGF-β1 level (14.78 ng/mL, healthy controls: 25.81 ± 6.97 ng/mL) in our patient.
conclusionsOur findings clearly delineate the clinical features and further indicate the potential change in cytokine levels in adult patients with ANE, advancing our understanding of this rare disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.