Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31466230›Full record

ReviewNutrients2019

Taste Receptors in Upper Airway Innate Immunity.

Ryan M Carey, Robert J Lee

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Direct Maxillary Sinus Tissue Analysis forJournal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. A deadly taste: linking bitter taste receptors and apoptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Extragustatory bitter taste receptors in head and neck health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ryan M CareyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Robert J LeeDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rjl@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5826-6686
University of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Bitter and sweet taste receptor physiology in airway ciliated cellsR01DC016309 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LEE, ROBERT J. · 2018 to 2022
$2.1M
Intersections of bitter taste receptor (T2R) and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in airway epithelial cell innate immunityR21AI137484 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LEE, ROBERT J. · 2018 to 2019
$443k
National Institute for Deafness and Other Communication Disorders R01DC016309National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R21AI137484NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI137484NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC016309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Taste receptors, first identified on the tongue, are best known for their role in guiding our dietary preferences. The expression of taste receptors for umami, sweet, and bitter have been demonstrated in tissues outside of the oral cavity, including in the airway, brain, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. The extra-oral taste receptor chemosensory pathways and the endogenous taste receptor ligands are generally unknown, but there is increasing data suggesting that taste receptors are involved in regulating some aspects of innate immunity, and may potentially control the composition of the nasal microbiome in healthy individuals or patients with upper respiratory diseases like chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). For this reason, taste receptors may serve as potential therapeutic targets, providing alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review focuses on the physiology of sweet (T1R) and bitter (T2R) taste receptors in the airway and their activation by secreted bacterial products. There is particular focus on T2R38 in sinonasal ciliated cells, as well as the sweet and bitter receptors found on specialized sinonasal solitary chemosensory cells. Additionally, this review explores the impact of genetic variations in these receptors on the differential susceptibility of patients to upper airway infections, such as CRS.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateImmunity, MucosalTasteAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaCiliaHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledRespiratory MucosaRespiratory SystemRespiratory Tract InfectionsSignal TransductionTaste Receptors, Type 2Anti-Bacterial AgentsReceptors, G-Protein-Coupledtaste receptors, type 1Taste Receptors, Type 2antimicrobial peptideschronic rhinosinusitisciliagustationinnate immunitymucociliary clearancenasal diseasenitric oxiderespiratory infection

Identifiers

PMID31466230
PMCPMC6770031
OpenAlexW2970228891

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.