ArticlePloS one2019
Virus-like particles containing multiple antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii induce memory T cell and B cell responses.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic Parasite Nanovaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Integrative zoology · 2026Review
- Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Protective Efficacy Induced by Virus-like Particles Expressing Dense Granule Protein 5 ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Recent progress in vaccine development targeting pre-clinical human toxoplasmosis.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2023Article
- Protective mucosal and systemic immunity induced by virus-like particles expressing Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein.PloS one · 2023Article
- Protection Induced by Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus and Virus-like Particles ExpressingVaccines · 2022Article
- Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infections using Virus-Like Particles Displaying T. gondii ROP4 Antigen.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2021Article
- Passive Immunity and Antibody Response Induced byVaccines · 2021Article
- Advances inVaccines · 2021Review
- Short Disordered Epitope of CRTAM Ig-Like V Domain as a Potential Target for Blocking Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Evaluation of CpG-ODN-AdjuvantedPharmaceutics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the efforts to develop vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii infection were made for decades, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for humans. Upon discovering a number of T or B cell epitope regions from T. gondii IMC, ROP18 and MIC8, multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were generated. Mice immunized with multi-antigen VLPs or combination VLPs were challenge infected with T. gondii (ME49). T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG isotypes and IgA antibody responses, memory T and B cell responses and protection were evaluated. All the mice survived upon T. gondii challenge infection by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination. Vaccinated mice elicited higher levels of parasite-specific IgG and IgG2a antibody responses in sera, IgA antibody responses in feces, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10) responses compared to combination VLPs. In particular, the multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significantly higher levels of antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, and memory B cells than combination VLPs. Multi-antigen VLPs vaccination showed significant reduction of brain cyst counts and size, and all mice survived. Prediction and analysis of epitopes have indicated that IMC, ROP18 and MIC8 showed partially overlapping epitopes for T and B cells. Our results indicated that antibody responses, memory T and B cells induced by multi-antigen VLPs vaccination might contribute to the complete protection upon T. gondii (ME49) challenge infection.
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Registered trials
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