ArticleMedicine2019
Galectin-9 in autoimmune hepatitis: Correlation between serum levels of galectin-9 and M2BPGi in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
Article in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated Serum Soluble Tim-3 in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Lack of Correlation with Cytokines, Chemokines, and Clinical Parameters.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The regulating role of galectin-9 in immune cell populations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Immunomodulator Galectin-9 is Increased in Blood and Skin of Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Article
- Molecular Identification and mRNA Expression Profiles of Galectin-9 Gene in Red Sea Bream (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Role of Galectins in the Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- The roles of galectins in hepatic diseases.Journal of molecular histology · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology in which immune-mediated liver damage progresses to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mainstay therapy for AIH is steroids and other immunosuppressive treatments. Currently, there are no validated markers for monitoring immune-mediated hepatic inflammation. Galectin-9 has recently been identified as a potential biomarker in patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether Galectin-9 and other serum proteins are associated with active disease in AIH patients.We enrolled 77 Japanese patients with well-documented AIH who were identified from the National Hospital Organization-AIH-liver-network database, as well as 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 27 patients with SLE, and 17 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of galectin-9, and markers of liver injury were measured and compared between groups.Serum levels of galectin-9 were significantly higher in AIH patients than in CHC patients (13.8 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 8.9 ± 3.0 ng/mL, P < .001) or healthy controls (13.8 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 5.0 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P < .001). In AIH group, serum galectin-9 levels weakly correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels or total bilirubin (TB) and strongly correlated with C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels, but did not correlate with the histological grade of liver fibrosis. Steroid treatment of AIH patients significantly reduced serum galectin-9 levels (14.1 ± 4.9 ng/mL vs 8.3 ± 3.8 ng/mL, P < .001). SLE patients exhibited higher galectin-9 levels, whereas the galectin-9 levels did not correlate with liver function tests such as alanine aminotransferase levels.Serum galectin-9 correlated with disease status in AIH patients and could thus be useful biomarkers to detect hepatic autoimmunity. Because circulating galectin-9 reflects autoimmune-mediated inflammation, it may have additional utility as a biomarker for other autoimmune disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.