Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31464621›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2019

Compliance with water advisories after water outages in Norway.

Susanne Hyllestad, Lamprini Veneti, Annechen Bahr Bugge, Thea Grav Rosenberg, Karin Nygård, Preben Aavitsland

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Susanne HyllestadDepartment of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Susanne.hyllestad@fhi.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-5380
Lamprini VenetiDepartment of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Annechen Bahr BuggeConsumption Research Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Thea Grav RosenbergConsumption Research Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Karin NygårdDepartment of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Preben AavitslandDepartment of Zoonotic, Food- and Waterborne Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Institute of Public Health · NOOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWater advisories, especially those concerning boiling drinking water, are widely used to reduce risks of infection from contaminants in the water supply. Since the effectiveness of boil water advisories (BWAs) depends on public compliance, monitoring the public response to such advisories is essential for protecting human health. However, assessments of public compliance with BWAs remain sparse. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating awareness and compliance among residents who had received BWAs in Baerum municipality in Norway.

methodWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 2764 residents who had received water advisories by SMS in the municipality of Baerum between January and September 2017. We analysed data from two focus group discussions and an online survey sent to all residents who had received an advisory. We conducted descriptive analyses and calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression to identify associations of compliance and awareness with demographic characteristics.

resultsOf the 611 respondents, 67% reported that they had received a water advisory notification. Effective compliance rate with safe drinking water practices, either by storing clean drinking water or boiling tap water, after a water outage was 72% among those who remembered receiving a notification. Compliance with safe drinking water advisories was lower among men than women (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29-0.96), but was independent of age, education and household type. The main reason for respondents' non-compliance with safe water practices was that they perceived the water to be safe to drink after letting it flush through the tap until it became clear.

conclusionsAwareness of advisories was suboptimal among residents who had received notifications, but compliance was high. The present study highlights the need to improve the distribution, phrasing and content of water advisory notifications to achieve greater awareness and compliance. Future studies should include hard-to-reach groups with adequate data collection approaches and examine the use of BWAs in a national context to inform future policies on BWAs.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAwarenessCross-Sectional StudiesDrinking WaterFemaleGuideline AdherenceHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwayPregnancySurveys and QuestionnairesWater PurificationWater SupplyDrinking WaterAdherenceBoil water advisoriesBWAsCommunicationConsumer trustDrinking waterPublic complianceWater supply interruptions

Identifiers

PMID31464621
PMCPMC6716804
OpenAlexW2970465854

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.