ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2019
MIF plasma level as a possible tool to predict steroid responsiveness in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor -173 G>C Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Prediction Models and Risk Factors for Steroid Resistance in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and angiopoietin-like protein 4 as markers for steroid response in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Predictive Molecular Biomarkers in Pediatric Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Review
- MIF functional polymorphisms are associated with acute GVHD progression and steroid-refractoriness.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as a Stress Molecule in Renal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Cytokines in Nephrotic Syndrome.Mediators of inflammation · 2022Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Protein Profiles Discriminate Different Clinical Subgroups of Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Plasma Cytokine Profiling to Predict Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Does the Initial Steroid Treatment Modify the Outcome? A Multicentre, Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIdiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most frequent form of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Steroids represent the best therapeutic option; however, inter-individual differences in their efficacy and side effects have been reported. To date, there is no way to predict patients' resistance and/or dependence. Alterations in the cytokine profile of INS patients might contribute to proteinuria and glomerular damage and affect drug sensitivity.
methodsThe cytokine plasma levels were measured in 21 INS children at diagnosis to investigate the association among cytokines pattern and clinical response. Patients were selected on the basis of their clinical response: 7 steroid sensitive (SS), 7 dependent (SD), and 7 resistant (SR). Significant results were then analyzed in 41 additional pediatric INS patients.
resultsWithin the 48 cytokines analyzed, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was a good predictor of steroid response. Indeed, SR patients showed significantly higher MIF plasma levels compared with all others (p = 0.022; OR = 4.3, 95%CI = 1.2-25.4): a cutoff concentration of MIF > 501 pg/ml significantly discriminated SR patients (sensitivity = 85.7%, specificity = 71.4%). On the contrary, SD patients showed lower MIF plasma levels compared with others (p = 0.010; OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 9.2 × 10
conclusionsOur comprehensive cytokine analysis indicates that assessing MIF plasma levels at diagnosis could predict response to glucocorticoids in children with INS.
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