ArticleHeliyon2019
Permeability of frog skin to chemicals: effect of penetration enhancers.
Article in Heliyon, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exposure to Rice Straw Ash Alters Survival, Development and Microbial Diversity in Amphibian Tadpoles.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Larger Common River Frogs (Amietia delalandii) have Fewer and Shorter Tissue Microplastic Fibres than Smaller Frogs.Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2024Article
- Species- and sex-specific chemical composition from an internal gland-like tissue of an African frog family.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Changes in the gut microbiota diversity of brown frogs (Rana dybowskii) after an antibiotic bath.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- Enhancement of Skin Delivery of Drugs Using Proposome Depends on Drug Lipophilicity.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Predicting in vivo absorption of chloramphenicol in frogs using in vitro percutaneous absorption data.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- The Effect of Cream and Gel Vehicles on the Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Retention of a New Eugenol Derivative With Antioxidant Activity.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- The effect of alcohols as vehicles on the percutaneous absorption and skin retention of ibuprofen modified with l-valine alkyl esters.RSC advances · 2020Article
- Can models of percutaneous absorption based on in vitro data in frogs predict in vivo absorption?PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rarely do commercial chemical products contain solely the active chemical/ingredient. It is therefore important to consider whether ingredients other than the active may: 1) alter absorption of the active chemical, or 2) be absorbed themselves, resulting in systemic effects. Frogs have highly permeable skin and are routinely exposed to commercial chemical products in the environment or therapeutically. Ethanol and propylene glycol (PG), which have known penetration-enhancing effects, are commonly included in such products. The current study has therefore investigated the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.