ArticleIndian journal of anaesthesia2019
Formulating a good research question: Pearls and pitfalls.
Article in Indian journal of anaesthesia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical Performance of Glass Ionomer Cement in Load-Bearing Restorations: A Systematic Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Raising the bar: updated study design and statistics guidelines for the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- From review to synthesis: A step-by-step methodological guide to systematic reviews and multilevel meta-analyses.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Critical appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analyses: a step-by-step guide for nephrologists.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Engaging children, young adults, and other partners to identify priorities for sport related concussion research.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Article
- Health Interventions for the Prevention of Dehydration in Agricultural Workers Exposed to Heat Stress: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Refining Established Practices for Research Question Definition to Foster Interdisciplinary Research Skills in a Digital Age: Consensus Study With Nominal Group Technique.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- Biomedical Research: Formulating a Well-Built and Worth-Answering Research Question.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- Technical specification for developing a clinical practice guideline for the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2024Article
- Cutting-Edge Methodological Guidance for Authors in Conducting the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of lifestyle medicine · 2024Review
- Back to the basics: Guidance for formulating good research questions.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2024Article
- Adapting the Nominal Group Technique to a virtual version: an experience report.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2024Article
- Second Generation Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: The Patient's Subjective Quality of Life, Well-Being, and Satisfaction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- A well-formulated research question: The foundation stone of good research.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Serotonin and Dopamine Activity Modulators in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Rapid Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Must-have Qualities of Clinical Research on Artificial Intelligence and Machine LearningBalkan medical journal · 2023Review
- Exploring cultural determinants to be integrated into preterm infant care in the neonatal intensive care unit: an integrative literature review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Review
- A Systematic Approach to Beginning a Retrospective Research Study: A guide for surgical trainees.Surgery in practice and science · 2022Article
- Research Question, Objectives, and Endpoints in Clinical and Oncological Research: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The process of formulating a good research question can be challenging and frustrating. While a comprehensive literature review is compulsory, the researcher usually encounters methodological difficulties in the conduct of the study, particularly if the primary study question has not been adequately selected in accordance with the clinical dilemma that needs to be addressed. Therefore, optimising time and resources before embarking in the design of a clinical protocol can make an impact on the final results of the research project. Researchers have developed effective ways to convey the message of how to build a good research question that can be easily recalled under the acronyms of PICOT (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and time frame) and FINER (feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant). In line with these concepts, this article highlights the main issues faced by clinicians, when developing a research question.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.