ArticleNature communications2019
Blood-brain barrier permeable nano immunoconjugates induce local immune responses for glioma therapy.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 162 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Polymeric Materials in Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Advances in Nanomedicine for Brain Tumors: Overcoming Biological Barriers, Targeting Strategies, and Future Directions.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Rational design of anticancer multidrug nanosystems and their adaptation for glioblastoma treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Transforming tumor microenvironments: nanotechnology and gene therapy in cellular signaling and epigenetic insight into chemo-resistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Activity of linalool based silver nanoconjugates against brain tumor through in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Targeting regulatory T cells in glioblastoma: from mechanistic insights to novel immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Natural killer cell dysfunction in glioma: from immune evasion to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Co-Extracellular Vesicles Delivery System Enhances Immunochemotherapy for Glioblastoma.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- A SynB1-conjugated antibody cocktail crosses the blood-brain barrier to produce a therapeutic effect on rabies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Advanced nanotechnology in enhancing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for head and neck cancer therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Cracking the Blood-Brain Barrier Code: Rational Nanomaterial Design for Next-Generation Neurological Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology for immuno-oncology.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Breaking barriers: exploring blood-brain barrier crossing mechanisms with nanomedicine for effective glioma treatment.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- A comprehensive review of using nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy: Pros and Cons of clinical usage.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from their function and mechanism to therapeutic advances.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Review
- Blood-brain barrier crossing biopolymer targeting c-Myc and anti-PD-1 activate primary brain lymphoma immunity: Artificial intelligence analysis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
21 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Brain glioma treatment with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (a-CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (a-PD-1) was largely unsuccessful due to their inability to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we describe targeted nanoscale immunoconjugates (NICs) on natural biopolymer scaffold, poly(β-L-malic acid), with covalently attached a-CTLA-4 or a-PD-1 for systemic delivery across the BBB and activation of local brain anti-tumor immune response. NIC treatment of mice bearing intracranial GL261 glioblastoma (GBM) results in an increase of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and macrophages with a decrease of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain tumor area. Survival of GBM-bearing mice treated with NIC combination is significantly longer compared to animals treated with single checkpoint inhibitor-bearing NICs or free a-CTLA-4 and a-PD-1. Our study demonstrates trans-BBB delivery of tumor-targeted polymer-conjugated checkpoint inhibitors as an effective GBM treatment via activation of both systemic and local privileged brain tumor immune response.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.