Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31462580›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2020

Modelling the impact of menthol sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies: insights from tobacco town Minnesota.

Todd B Combs, Virginia R McKay, Joseph Ornstein, Margaret Mahoney, Kerry Cork, Deena Brosi, Matt Kasman, Benjamin Heuberger, Ross A Hammond, Douglas Luke

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  9. Explaining "U-shaped" distributions of population substance use with a simple computational approach.Journal of artificial societies and social simulation : JASSS · 2025
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  10. Making evidence go further: Advancing synergy between agent-based modeling and randomized control trials.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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  15. Tobacco Taxation and Its Prospective Impact on Disparities in Smoking Initiation and Progression Among Young Adults.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Todd B CombsCenter for Public Health Systems Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA toddcombs@wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1015-6589
Virginia R McKayCenter for Public Health Systems Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Joseph OrnsteinBrown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Margaret MahoneyMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Kerry CorkPublic Health Law Center, Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Deena BrosiColorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Matt KasmanCenter on Social Dynamics and Policy, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Benjamin HeubergerCenter on Social Dynamics and Policy, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Ross A HammondBrown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Douglas LukeBrown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTobacco control policies focused on the retail environment have the potential to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health disparities through increasing direct and indirect costs. Recently, national and subnational governments have begun to restrict the sale of menthol products and reduce tobacco retailer density.

methodsWe developed an agent-based model to project the impact of menthol cigarette sales restrictions and retailer density reduction policies for six types of communities and three priority populations. During each simulated day, agents smoke cigarettes, travel in the community and make purchase decisions-whether, where and which product type to purchase-based on a combination of their own properties and the current retail environment.

resultsOf the policies tested, restricting all cigarette sales or menthol cigarette sales to tobacco specialty shops may have the largest effect on the total (direct and indirect) costs of purchasing cigarettes. Coupling one of these policies with one that establishes a minimum distance between tobacco retailers may enhance the impact. Combining these policies could also make the costs of acquiring cigarettes more equal across communities and populations. DISCUSSION: Our simulations revealed the importance of context, for example, lower income communities in urban areas begin with higher retailer density and may need stronger policies to show impact, as well as the need to focus on differential effects for priority populations, for example, combinations of policies may equalise the average distance travelled to purchase. Adapting and combining policies could enhance the sustainability of policy effects and reduce tobacco use.

Indexed as

CommerceModels, EconomicPublic PolicyTobacco UseCitiesHumansMentholMinnesotaTobacco ProductsMentholdisparitiespreventionpublic policy

Identifiers

PMID31462580
PMCPMC7476266

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.