ArticleBMJ open2019
Gout and the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease in the UK health system: a national cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of life improvements and clinical assessments in kidney transplant recipients undergoing pegloticase treatment for uncontrolled gout: findings of the phase 4 PROTECT clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- The efficacy and safety of citrate mixture vs sodium bicarbonate on urine alkalization in Chinese primary gout patients with benzbromarone: a prospective, randomized controlled study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Trial
- The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemic nephropathy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based prediction of gout flares during hospitalization in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning models for predicting renal injury in patients with gout.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Projected Health and Economic Burden of Comorbid Gout and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Virtual US Population: A Microsimulation Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Exploring the Multifaceted Nexus of Uric Acid and Health: A Review of Recent Studies on Diverse Diseases.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Comparison Between Early-Onset and Common Gout: A Systematic Literature Review.Rheumatology and therapy · 2023Review
- Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Evaluates Renal Injury and Predicts Renal Outcome in Patients with Gout.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Singapore Experience With Uncontrolled Gout: Unmet Needs in the Management of Patients.Cureus · 2023Review
- Dose adjustment of rheumatology and allergy/immunology medications in chronic kidney disease: awareness and knowledge among internal medicine housestaff.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2023Article
- Microbiome-associated human genetic variants impact phenome-wide disease risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Association of acidic urine pH with impaired renal function in primary gout patients: a Chinese population-based cross-sectional study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Medicinal fungusFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- A glance into the future of gout.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Review
- Article
- Uric acid level and kidney function: a cross-sectional study of the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (2016-2017).Scientific reports · 2020Article
- New-Onset Gout as an Independent Risk Factor for Returning to Dialysis After Kidney Transplantation.Transplantation direct · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEvaluate the association between gout and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).
designRetrospective matched cohort study.
settingUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
participantsThe analysis included data for 68 897 patients with gout and 554 964 matched patients without gout. Patients were aged ≥18 years, registered at UK practices, had ≥12 months of clinical data and had data linked with Hospital Episode Statistics. Patients were excluded for history of advanced CKD, juvenile gout, cancer, HIV, tumour lysis syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or familial Mediterranean fever. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Advanced CKD was defined as first occurrence of: (1) dialysis, kidney transplant, diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or stage 5 CKD (diagnostic codes in Read system or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision); (2) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <10 mL/min/1.73 m²; (3) doubling of serum creatinine from baseline and (4) death associated with CKD.
resultsAdvanced CKD incidence was higher for patients with gout (8.54 per 1000 patient-years; 95% CI 8.26 to 8.83) versus without gout (4.08; 95% CI 4.00 to 4.16). Gout was associated with higher advanced CKD risk in both unadjusted analysis (HR, 2.00; 95% CI 1.92 to 2.07) and after adjustment (HR, 1.29; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.35). Association was strongest for ESKD (HR, 2.13; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.61) and was present for eGFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m² (HR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.61) and serum creatinine doubling (HR, 1.13; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.19) but not CKD-associated death (HR, 1.14; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.31). Association of gout with advanced CKD was replicated in propensity-score matched analysis (HR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.29) and analysis limited to patients with incident gout (HR, 1.28; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.35).
conclusionsGout is associated with elevated risk of CKD progression. Future studies should investigate whether controlling gout is protective and reduces CKD risk.
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