ArticlePloS one2019
Smoking in men and women with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative gender-sensitive exploration of barriers to smoking cessation among people with type 2 diabetes.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the predictors and barriers to accepting smoking cessation support within a targeted lung health check setting.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Trial
- Smoking cessation and harm reduction in type 2 diabetes: development of practical recommendations from the DiaSmokeFree Working Group.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- [Smoking and nicotine use, heated tobacco products, psychological and socioeconomic aspects of dependence, alcohol, infections, vaccination and diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Addressing the dual challenge: Managing smoking cessation in patients with diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- "Don't Just Say, 'You Got Type 2 Diabetes' and Then Tell Me Nothing Else": Exploring Self-Management Challenges and Information Needs Among Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Prevalence of nicotine dependence among smokers aged 40 years and older in China.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Determinants of poor glycaemic control and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective analysis of general practice records in Ireland.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Exploring the smoking cessation needs of individuals with diabetes using the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- Challenges and perspectives of tobacco cessation in special groups of patients and populations.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2023Review
- [Smoking, heated tobacco products, alcohol and diabetes mellitus (update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Avoid clinical inertia: Importance of asking and advising patients with diabetes who smoke about quitting.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDespite growing evidence of the impact of smoking on diabetes complications, people with type 2 diabetes still smoke at high rates and little is known about the specific barriers to quit smoking in this group. The purpose of this article is to explore the perception of smoking, and motivation and barriers to quit among smokers with type 2 diabetes. This exploratory study will help designing a smoking cessation intervention tailored to the needs of people with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize both that living with diabetes and gender may raise additional difficulties to quit smoking.
settingThe qualitative exploratory research included ten in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and five focus groups conducted in an Ambulatory Care University Hospital in Switzerland. The thematic analysis was conducted with a gender-sensitive focus.
participantsBoth current and former smokers recruited from the ambulatory clinic and the community took part in the qualitative interviews. We restricted the analysis to 21 current smokers only.
resultsThe sample included 12 men and 9 women with type 2 diabetes, having a mean age of 59.4 years, who had diabetes for an average of 9 years with a mean HbA1c of 7.4%. We found that harmful effects of tobacco were superficially understood, and participants used several patterns of thinking to minimize the risks. The relation between tobacco and diabetes was poorly known. Readiness to change was related to personal self-image and meaningful engagement in life and social relationships. Barriers could be organized into three groups: dependence, psychological habits and social barriers. Barriers were markedly shaped by gender and living with diabetes.
conclusionsResults suggest that "one -fits-all" smoking cessation interventions do not satisfy the needs of type 2 diabetic smokers. Personalized smoking cessation interventions should be preferred and should pursue positive psychological outcomes addressing contextual factors.
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