ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery2019
Age at Craniosynostosis Surgery and Its Impact on Ophthalmologic Diagnoses: A Single-Center Retrospective Review.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Two-Year Progressive Cranial Changes Following the Melbourne Technique for Sagittal Craniosynostosis.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- Ophthalmological Care of Patients With Craniofacial Disorders.Journal of pediatric neurosciences · 2022Review
- Crouzon syndrome and the eye: An overview.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Ophthalmological findings in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis: preoperatively and postoperatively up to 12 months after surgery.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOcular abnormalities in craniosynostosis are a persistent concern for patients and providers, and some surgeons feel that early surgical intervention for synostosis alleviates the progression of ophthalmologic abnormalities. In contradistinction, the authors hypothesize that operating early will have no bearing on postoperative ophthalmologic outcomes.
methodsSingle-suture craniosynostosis patients who underwent surgical correction between 1989 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients with multisuture craniosynostosis, syndromic diagnoses, no preoperative ophthalmology evaluation, and less than 2 years of follow-up were excluded. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of preoperative and postoperative ophthalmologic abnormalities by age, while controlling for patient-level covariates.
resultsOne hundred seventy-two patients met inclusion criteria. The median age at surgery was 10 months (interquartile range, 7 to 12.9 months). Increasing age at the time of surgery was associated with increased odds of preoperative ophthalmologic diagnoses (OR, 1.06; p = 0.037) but not postoperative diagnoses (OR, 1.00; p = 0.91). Increasing age at surgery was also not associated with increased odds of ophthalmologic diagnoses, regardless of timing (OR, 1.04; p = 0.08). Patients with coronal synostosis (OR, 3.94; p = 0.036) had significantly higher odds of preoperative ophthalmologic diagnoses. Patients with metopic (OR, 5.60; p < 0.001) and coronal (OR, 7.13; p < 0.001) synostosis had significantly higher odds of postoperative ophthalmologic diagnoses.
conclusionsAfter reviewing an expansive cohort, associations of both overall and postoperative ophthalmologic diagnoses with age at surgery were not found. The authors' findings thus run counter to the theory that early surgical intervention lessens the likelihood of postoperative ophthalmologic diagnoses and improves ophthalmologic outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
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