ArticleVirus evolution2019
Conserved structural RNA domains in regions coding for cleavage site motifs in hemagglutinin genes of influenza viruses.
Article in Virus evolution, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polymerase trapping as the mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Molecular Evolution of the H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Cleavage Site Motif.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Nucleotide sequence as key determinant driving insertions at influenza A virus hemagglutinin cleavage sites.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Locations and structures of influenza A virus packaging-associated signals and other functional elements via an in silico pipeline for predicting constrained features in RNA viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Structural and Functional RNA Motifs of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus as a Target of Viral Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Evolution of the North American Lineage H7 Avian Influenza Viruses in Association with H7 Virus's Introduction to Poultry.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Hemagglutinin Subtype Specificity and Mechanisms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genesis.Viruses · 2022Review
- In Silico Analyses of the Role of Codon Usage at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Genesis.Viruses · 2022Article
- In silico analysis of local RNA secondary structure in influenza virus A, B and C finds evidence of widespread ordered stability but little evidence of significant covariation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Structural Requirements in the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site-Coding RNA Region for the Generation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Phylodynamic study of the conserved RNA structure encompassing the hemagglutinin cleavage site encoding region of H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses.Virus evolution · 2021Article
- Pathobiological Origins and Evolutionary History of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Insertions of codons encoding basic amino acids in H7 hemagglutinins of influenza A viruses occur by recombination with RNA at hotspots near snoRNA binding sites.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome and predictions of the human interactome.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The acquisition of a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein is the main determinant of the conversion of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses into highly pathogenic strains, facilitating HA cleavage and virus replication in a broader range of host cells. In nature, substitutions or insertions in HA RNA genomic segments that code for multiple basic amino acids have been observed only in the HA genes of two out of sixteen subtypes circulating in birds, H5 and H7. Given the compatibility of MBCS motifs with HA proteins of numerous subtypes, this selectivity was hypothesized to be determined by the existence of specific motifs in HA RNA, in particular structured domains. In H5 and H7 HA RNAs, predictions of such domains have yielded alternative conserved stem-loop structures with the cleavage site codons in the hairpin loops. Here, potential RNA secondary structures were analyzed in the cleavage site regions of HA segments of influenza viruses of different types and subtypes. H5- and H7-like stem-loop structures were found in all known influenza A virus subtypes and in influenza B and C viruses with homology modeling. Nucleotide covariations supported this conservation to be determined by RNA structural constraints that are stronger in the domain-closing bottom stems as compared to apical parts. The structured character of this region in (sub-)types other than H5 and H7 indicates its functional importance beyond the ability to evolve toward an MBCS responsible for a highly pathogenic phenotype.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.