ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2019
Clearance of cerebrospinal fluid from the sacral spine through lymphatic vessels.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Modulation of Meningeal Lymphatics: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence Across Neurological Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Rat brain phospholipid remodeling correlates with plasma lipid clearance and late functional vulnerability after ischemic stroke.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu-Labeled Gram-Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Mapping subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Thecoperitoneal shunt placement for extensive spinal adhesive arachnoiditis or lumbosacral outlet obstruction with syringomyelia.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics: Current Understandings and Future Perspectives.MedComm · 2026Review
- The spinal lymphatic system: an emerging pathway bridging fluid homeostasis, immunity, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promote T cell-dependent inflammatory pain resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Meningeal lymphatics as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Review
- SPIONActa neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Natural history of Chiari I malformation-syringomyelia: longitudinal cohort study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Development of a reliable mouse model for caudal epidural anesthesia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Novel Perineural Pathways and the Dynamics of SIV-Infected Macrophage Trafficking Out of the Central Nervous System.The American journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Emerging Roles of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in Ischemic Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid draining lymphatics in health and disease: advances and controversies.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Brain fluid physiology in ischaemic stroke; more than just oedema.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathways of circulation and clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the spine have yet to be elucidated. We have recently shown with dynamic in vivo imaging that routes of outflow of CSF in mice occur along cranial nerves to extracranial lymphatic vessels. Here, we use near-infrared and magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate the flow of CSF tracers within the spinal column and reveal the major spinal pathways for outflow to lymphatic vessels in mice. We found that after intraventricular injection, a spread of CSF tracers occurs within both the central canal and the spinal subarachnoid space toward the caudal end of the spine. Outflow of CSF tracers from the spinal subarachnoid space occurred predominantly from intravertebral regions of the sacral spine to lymphatic vessels, leading to sacral and iliac LNs. Clearance of CSF from the spine to lymphatic vessels may have significance for many conditions, including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.