SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2019
Primary outcome measures used in interventional trials for ankle fractures: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- What patient reported outcome measures are used in clinical trials in hip fracture? A systematic mapping review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes of ankle fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2023Pooled it
- Ankle fractures: a systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures and their measurement properties.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Olerud Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) in patients with unstable ankle fracture.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Trial
- Persistent functional deficits after ankle fracture surgery: A long-term gait and functional analysis.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of current patient-reported outcome measures for ankle fracture: surgeons' perspective.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2024Article
- Assessing the content validity of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire in surgically treated ankle fracture patients: a qualitative study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- A systematic review of outcome reporting in clinical trials of distal tibia and ankle fractures : the need for a core outcome set.Bone & joint open · 2022Article
- Recovery and Return to Activity 1 Year After Ankle Fracture Managed With Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2022Article
- Co-producing a multi-stakeholder Core Outcome Set for distal Tibia and Ankle fractures (COSTA): a study protocol.Trials · 2021Article
- A systematic review of the measurement properties of patient reported outcome measures used for adults with an ankle fracture.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnkle fractures cause considerable pain, loss of function and healthcare resource use. High quality randomised controlled trials are required to evaluate the optimal management protocols for ankle fracture. However, there is debate regarding the most appropriate outcome measure to use when assessing patients with ankle fractures. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and summarise primary outcome measure use in clinical trials of non-pharmacological interventions for adults with an ankle fracture.
methodsWe performed comprehensive searches of the Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, as well as ISRCTN and ClinicalTrials.gov online clinical trial registries on 19/06/2019 with no date limits applied. The titles and abstracts were initially screened to identify randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials of non-pharmacological interventions for ankle fracture in adults. Two authors independently screened the full text of any articles which could potentially be eligible. Descriptive statistics we used to summarise the outcome measures collected in these articles including an assessment of trends over time. Secondary analysis included a descriptive summary of the multi-item patient reported outcome measures used in this study type.
resultsThe searches returned a total of 3380 records. Following application of the eligibility criteria, 121 records were eligible for inclusion in this review. The most frequently collected primary outcome measures in this type of publication was the Olerud Molander Ankle Score, followed by radiographic and range of movement assessments. There was a total of 28 different outcome measures collected and five different multi-item, patient reported outcome measures collected as the primary outcome measure. There was a sequential increase in the number of this type of study published per decade since the 1980's.
conclusionThis review demonstrates the wide range of measurement methods used to assess outcome in adults with an ankle fracture. Future research should focus on establishing the validity and reliability of the outcome measures used in this patient population. Formulation of a consensus based core outcome set for adults with an ankle fracture would be advantageous for ensuring homogeneity across studies in order to meta-analyse trial results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.