ReviewCurrent stem cell research & therapy2019
Application of Cytokines of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Family in Spinal Fusion - Effects on the Bone, Intervertebral Disc and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
Review in Current stem cell research & therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Genetic and Biological Basis of Pseudoarthrosis in Fractures: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Common Genetic Factors May Play a Role in the Relationships Between Body Composition, Adipokines, and Low-Back-Pain-Related Disability.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- The Role of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist Noggin in Nucleus Pulposus Intervertebral Disc Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Conditioned Medium of Intervertebral Disc Cells Inhibits Osteo-Genesis on Autologous Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Osteoblasts.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Sex hormone-binding globulin promotes the osteogenic differentiation potential of equine adipose-derived stromal cells by activating the BMP signaling pathway.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic Signatures of Single-Suture Craniosynostosis Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Lumbar spine intervertebral disc gene delivery of BMPs induces anterior spine fusion in lewis rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of bone remodeling and therapeutic strategies in chronic apical periodontitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Biomaterials for Interbody Fusion in Bone Tissue Engineering.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Deciphering the Causal Relationships Between Low Back Pain Complications, Metabolic Factors, and Comorbidities.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- Regulating the fate of stem cells for regenerating the intervertebral disc degeneration.World journal of stem cells · 2021Review
- Therapeutics for enhancement of spinal fusion: A mini review.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2021Review
- Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B by TNF promotes nucleus pulposus mineralization through inhibition of ANKH and ENPP1.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Homing Capabilities to Regenerate the Intervertebral Disc.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 7 inhibit the degeneration of intervertebral discs by blocking the Puma-dependent apoptotic signaling.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Trends in lumbar spinal fusion-a literature review.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2020Review
- BMP and TGFβ use and release in bone regenerationTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain is a prevalent socio-economic burden and is often associated with damaged or degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). When conservative therapy fails, removal of the IVD (discectomy), followed by intersomatic spinal fusion, is currently the standard practice in clinics. The remaining space is filled with an intersomatic device (cage) and with bone substitutes to achieve disc height compensation and bone fusion. As a complication, in up to 30% of cases, spinal non-fusions result in a painful pseudoarthrosis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been clinically applied with varied outcomes. Several members of the BMP family, such as BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP9, are known to induce osteogenesis. Questions remain on why hyper-physiological doses of BMPs do not show beneficial effects in certain patients. In this respect, BMP antagonists secreted by mesenchymal cells, which might interfere with or block the action of BMPs, have drawn research attention as possible targets for the enhancement of spinal fusion or the prevention of non-unions. Examples of these antagonists are noggin, gremlin1 and 2, chordin, follistatin, BMP3, and twisted gastrulation. In this review, we discuss current evidence of the osteogenic effects of several members of the BMP family on osteoblasts, IVD cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. We consider in vitro and in vivo studies performed in human, mouse, rat, and rabbit related to BMP and BMP antagonists in the last two decades. We give insights into the effects that BMP have on the ossification of the spine. Furthermore, the benefits, pitfalls, and possible safety concerns using these cytokines for the improvement of spinal fusion are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.