ArticlePloS one2019
Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of gender-affirming hormone therapy in non-binary and genderqueer individuals, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the global prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in LGBTIQ+ people: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Mental Health, Gender Dysphoria, and Quality of Life in Trans Individuals Following Top Surgery: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening Preferences in Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-diverse Patients.O&G open · 2026Article
- Spatializing Substance Use and Sexual Behaviors of Queer Men and Non-binary Individuals During COVID-19.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Determinants of male global health and quality of life in Switzerland: a cross-sectional study using a gender-diverse approach.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Mental Health Characteristics of Adults with Different Gender Trajectories.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- The Impact of Birth Year on the Coming Out Process for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals from Austria.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Worldwide prevalence of anxiety in transgender persons: Systematic review with meta-analysis.International journal of transgender health · 2026Review
- The Dissectionality of Care in the U.S.: A Scoping Review in Healthcare of Implicit Bias, Perceived Discrimination, and Minority Stress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Health Literacy Among Sexual and Gender-Diverse Adolescents in New York City.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025Article
- Internalized Transnegativity, Self-Warmth, Self-Coldness, and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults.Journal of clinical psychology · 2025Article
- Effects of Alcohol Use and Minority Stress on Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Systemic transphobia and ongoing barriers to healthcare for transgender and nonbinary people: A historical analysis of #TransHealthFail.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Characterizing disparities in the HIV care continuum among U.S. transgender and cisgender Medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017.AIDS care · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Anti-Transgender Experiences (A Proxy for Minority Stress) and Heavy Alcohol Use Among Transgender Adults.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Similarities and distinctions in the drug use and sexual behavior of transfeminine and nonbinary adults assigned male at birth in the United States.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Transgender People: Results from a U.S. Probability Sample.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2025Article
- Mental Health Utilization Among Transgender Veterans.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Nonbinary people living in a binary world: Minority stress in public and gendered places.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the U.S., non-binary refers to transgender people who have a gender identity not aligned with their assigned sex at birth, and who identify outside of the traditional male-female binary, such as genderqueer, genderfluid, or gender nonconforming. Few data are available to characterize the health of non-binary adults.
methodsThe current study sought to fill this gap by conducting a secondary analysis of data from a non-probability sample of transgender and/or gender nonconforming adults in Massachusetts (sample mean age 32.6 years, 63% female assigned sex at birth; 79.4% white non-Hispanic/Latinx). Multivariable models were fit to compare non-binary (e.g., genderqueer) vs. binary (e.g., man/trans man, woman/trans woman) respondents across a range of social and health indicators.
resultsOverall, 40.9% identified their gender identity as non-binary. Non-binary respondents significantly differed from binary respondents on (all p<0.05): demographics (younger age, more female assigned sex at birth); gender affirmation (older age of identity recognition, lower current uptake of and future desires for medical gender affirmation); healthcare utilization (lower rates of being up-to-date in annual wellness visit, less mental healthcare utilization in past year); mental health and substance use (higher past-week depressive distress, higher hazardous alcohol use); social history (more unstably housed, more current students), violence victimization (lower rates of lifetime intimate partner violence), and social support (less family support).
conclusionGender diversity, including whether people endorse a binary or non-binary gender identity, is a prevalent and an important aspect of transgender health. Demographic measures of gender identity that include binary and non-binary response options are recommended to inform future research and clinical care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.