SynthesisPloS one2019
Vitamin D in early life and later risk of multiple sclerosis-A systematic review, meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations between month/season of birth and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Relationships between childhood trauma and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Vitamin D in Preventing and Treating Selected Extraskeletal Diseases-An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Mapping the complexity of multiple sclerosis: a novel perspective on genetic, environmental, and neurobiological insights.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Of potential new treatment targets and polythetic approach in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Associations among stressors across the lifespan, disability, and relapses in adults with multiple sclerosis.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Melatonin and vitamin D, two sides of the same coin, better to land on its edge to improve multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Review
- How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Early life climate and adulthood mental health: how birth seasonality influences depressive symptoms in adults.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Review
- Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis: bridging Mendelian randomization and observational studies.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of dietary vitamin D on immunoregulation and disease pathology in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Who are Likely to Benefit the Most?Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study examined results from previous studies of early life vitamin D exposure and risk of MS in adulthood, including studies on season or month of birth and of migration. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases as well as checking references cited in articles. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the AMSTAR score. Twenty-eight studies were selected for analysis. Of these, six population studies investigated early life vitamin D exposure and risk of MS, and three found inverse while the remaining found no associations. A consistent seasonal tendency for MS seemed evident from 11/15 studies, finding a reduced occurrence of MS for Northern hemisphere children who were born late autumn, and late fall for children born in the Southern hemisphere. This was also confirmed by pooled analysis of 6/15 studies. Results of the migration studies showed an increased risk of MS if migration from high to low-MS-risk areas had occurred after age 15 years, while risk of MS was reduced for those migrating earlier in life (<15years). A similar, but inverse risk pattern was observed among migrants from low to high-MS-risk areas. One study found an increased risk of MS in the second generation of migrants when migrating from low to high-MS-risk areas. An association between early life vitamin D and later risk of MS seems possible, however evidence is still insufficient to conclude that low vitamin D exposure in early life increases the risk of MS in adulthood. PROSPERO register number: CRD 42016043229.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.