Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31454289›Full record

ArticleJournal of athletic training2019

Exertional Heat-Stroke Preparedness in High School Football by Region and State Mandate Presence.

Zachary Y Kerr, Samantha E Scarneo-Miller, Susan W Yeargin, Andrew J Grundstein, Douglas J Casa, Riana R Pryor, Johna K Register-Mihalik

Open access · diamondAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of athletic training, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Classic and exertional heatstroke.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022
    Review
  8. Exertional heat illnesses in marching band artists: a case series.International journal of biometeorology · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Zachary Y KerrDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Samantha E Scarneo-MillerKorey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
Susan W YearginDepartment of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Andrew J GrundsteinDepartment of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens.
Douglas J CasaKorey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
Riana R PryorDepartment of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, State University of New York at Buffalo.
Johna K Register-MihalikDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
University of Connecticut · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · USUniversity of Georgia · USUniversity of South Carolina · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a leading cause of sudden death in high school football players. Preparedness strategies can mitigate EHS incidence and severity.

objectiveTo examine EHS preparedness among high school football programs and its association with regional and state preseason heat-acclimatization mandates.

designCross-sectional study.

settingPreseason high school football programs, 2017. PATIENTS OR OTHER

participantsA total of 910 athletic trainers (ATs) working with high school football (12.7% completion rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We acquired data on high school football programs' EHS preparedness strategies in the 2017 preseason via an online questionnaire, looking at (1) whether schools' state high school athletic associations mandated preseason heat-acclimatization guidelines and (2) heat safety region based on warm-season wet-bulb globe temperature, ranging from the milder region 1 to the hotter region 3. Six EHS-preparedness strategies were assessed: EHS recognition and treatment education; policy for initiating emergency medical services response; emergency response plan enactment; immersion tub filled with ice water before practice; wet-bulb globe temperature monitoring; and hydration access. Multivariable binomial regression models estimated the prevalence of reporting all 6 strategies.

resultsOverall, 27.5% of ATs described their schools as using all 6 EHS-preparedness strategies. The highest prevalence was in region 3 schools with state mandates (52.9%). The multivariable model demonstrated an interaction in which the combination of higher heat safety region and presence of a state mandate was associated with a higher prevalence of reporting all 6 strategies (

conclusionsOur findings suggest a greater use of EHS-preparedness strategies in environmentally warmer regions with state-level mandates for preseason heat acclimatization. Future researchers should identify factors influencing EHS preparedness, particularly in regions 1 and 2 and in states without mandates.

Indexed as

Heat StrokeAcclimatizationAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ManagementFemaleFootballHot TemperatureHumansIncidenceMaleSchoolsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Statesathletesexertional heat illnesshigh school sportsregional variationssafety policies

Identifiers

PMID31454289
PMCPMC6795101
OpenAlexW2971020859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.