ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2019
The rollout of Community ART Refill Groups in Zimbabwe: a qualitative evaluation.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Sustainability in the Era of Differentiated HIV Service Delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Factors associated with fluoxetine adherence among outpatients with common mental disorders in Western Kenya.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- How community ART delivery may improve HIV treatment outcomes: Qualitative inquiry into mechanisms of effect in a randomized trial of community-based ART initiation, monitoring and re-supply (DO ART) in South Africa and Uganda.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Outcomes of Three- Versus Six-Monthly Dispensing of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) for Stable HIV Patients in Community ART Refill Groups: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Zimbabwe.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Trial
- HIV Prevalence, Virological Suppression, and Consistent Condom Use Among Social Venue-Going Men in Zimbabwe: Insights from the 2022 Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) Surveys.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Efficacy and predictors of virological non-suppression in Thailand's rollout of dolutegravir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy: A nationwide cohort analysis.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Reciprocity in global health: How successes from the global south can inform global health interventions in Canada and the U.S.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Perceived benefits of community-based TB preventive treatment in children in Uganda: "When she sees other children getting the same medication, she will feel not alone."PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Acceptability and Feasibility of Remote PrEP Visits for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of HIV Drug Resistance in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Zimbabwe Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2020 Survey.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Is the Differentiated Service Delivery Model Suited to the Needs of People Living with HIV in Rwanda?AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Differentiated care for youth in Zimbabwe: Outcomes across the HIV care cascade.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Sustained Retention, Viral Load Suppression and their Determinants Among Clients on HAART Enrolled Under Differentiated Service Delivery Models in Eastern Uganda.Research square · 2023Article
- Barriers and facilitators to the implementation and scale up of differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Africa: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Availability and experiences of differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery at HIV care facilities in rural Zimbabwe: a mixed-method study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Virological outcomes and risk factors for non-suppression for routine and repeat viral load testing after enhanced adherence counselling during viral load testing scale-up in Zimbabwe: analytic cross-sectional study using laboratory data from 2014 to 2018.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- Maternal, Sexual and Reproductive Health in Marginalised Areas: Renewing Community Involvement Strategies beyond the Worst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Quality of care in a differentiated HIV service delivery intervention in Tanzania: A mixed-methods study.PloS one · 2022Article
- How Home Delivery of Antiretroviral Drugs Ensured Uninterrupted HIV Treatment During COVID-19: Experiences From Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, and Nigeria.Global health, science and practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCommunity ART Refill Groups (CARGs) are an antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery model where clients voluntarily form into groups, and a group member visits the clinic to collect ART for all group members. In late 2016, Zimbabwe began a nationwide rollout of the CARG model. We conducted a qualitative evaluation to assess the perceived effects of this new national service delivery model.
methodsIn March-June 2018, we visited ten clinics implementing the CARG model across five provinces of Zimbabwe and conducted a focus group discussion with healthcare workers and in-depth interviews with three ART clients per clinic. Clinics had implemented the CARG model for approximately one year. All discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and thematic coding was performed by two independent analysts.
resultsIn focus groups, healthcare workers described that CARGs made ART distribution faster and facilitated client tracking in the community. They explained that their reduced workload allowed them to provide better care to those clients who did visit the clinic, and they felt that the CARG model should be sustained in the future. CARG members reported that by decreasing the frequency of clinic visits, CARGs saved them time and money, reducing previous barriers to collecting ART and improving adherence. CARG members also valued the emotional and informational support that they received from other members of their CARG, further improving adherence. Multiple healthcare workers did express concern that CARG members with diseases that begin with minor symptoms, such as tuberculosis, may not seek treatment at the clinic until the disease has progressed.
conclusionsWe found that healthcare workers and clients overwhelmingly perceive CARGs as beneficial. This evaluation demonstrates that the CARG model can be successfully implemented on a national scale. These early results suggest that CARGs may be able to simultaneously improve clinical outcomes and reduce the workload of healthcare workers distributing ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.