ArticleBMC rheumatology2019
Immunoglobulin abnormalities are frequent in patients with lupus nephritis.
Article in BMC rheumatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic Inflammation as a Modulator of FcRn-dependent IgG Pharmacokinetics: Implications for Broadly Neutralising Antibody Efficacy in HIV Prevention.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Management of hypogammaglobulinemia in pediatric patients with refractory lupus nephritis: a focus on belimumab.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Safety and Effectiveness of Combination Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide Therapy for Treating Pediatric Patients With Severe Manifestations of Rheumatic Disease.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Reduced response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with impaired immunoglobulin class switch recombination in SLE patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike receptor-binding domain antibody levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus based on vaccination status and related factors in Indonesia.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Article
- Assessment of the humoral immune status of varicella-zoster virus in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Peripheral Neuropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Rituximab-associated hypogammaglobulinemia in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Incidence and time course.European journal of rheumatology · 2022Article
- Serum complements and immunoglobulin profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: An observational study at a teaching hospital.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Article
- Anti-aquaporin 4 IgG Is Not Associated With Any Clinical Disease Characteristics in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Antithyroid Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus and Immunoglobulin A Deficiency.The American journal of case reports · 2020Article
- IgE in the Pathogenesis of SLE: From Pathogenic Role to Therapeutic Target.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHypogammaglobulinemia is a complication of B-cell targeting therapies (BCTT), used in vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Since autoimmune diseases are associated with underlying and induced immune abnormalities, several societies recommend assessing immune function before and during rituximab treatment. In SLE, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is the typical alteration of gammaglobulins, though hypogammaglobulinemia has also been reported.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study describing immunoglobulin levels measured as part of routine care in patients with lupus nephritis, a group with multiple factors contributing to immunoglobulin abnormalities, including immune dysregulation, immunosuppression and nephrotic syndrome.
resultsPolyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia occurred in 15/83 (18.1%) patients. In contrast, low levels of immunoglobulins were found as follows: selective IgA deficiency 2/83 (2.4%), reduced IgG levels 7/83 (8.4%), reduced IgM 14/83 (16.9%). Only 1 patient required immunoglobulin replacement.
conclusionsImmunoglobulin abnormalities are frequently found in lupus nephritis, ranging from polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia to hypogammglobulinemia. Consequently, immunoglobulin levels should be assessed prior to commencing BCTT.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.