ArticleCancer immunology research2019
Cyclophosphamide Enhances Cancer Antibody Immunotherapy in the Resistant Bone Marrow Niche by Modulating Macrophage FcγR Expression.
Article in Cancer immunology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04896658 (Belantamab Mafodotin, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Belantamab Mafodotin, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ETS-family transcription factor PU.1 is a critical regulator of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB expression in humans.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- FcγRIIB (CD32B) antibodies enhance immune responses through activating FcγRs.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Maplirpacept: a CD47 decoy receptor with minimal red blood cell binding and robust anti-tumor efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic targeting of tumour-associated macrophage receptors.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
- The relevance of tumor target expression levels on IgA-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Patterns of immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer and new potential therapeutic targets: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Macrophages in tumor cell migration and metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Nanoparticle STING Agonist Reprograms the Bone Marrow to an Antitumor Phenotype and Protects Against Bone Destruction.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Towards a better understanding of human iNKT cell subpopulations for improved clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Plasticity towards Rigidity: A Macrophage Conundrum in Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- FcγRIIB controls antibody-mediated target cell depletion by ITIM-independent mechanisms.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Human inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy.JCI insight · 2022Review
- Ginsenosides: Allies of gastrointestinal tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Co-Delivery of Letrozole and Cyclophosphamide via Folic Acid-Decorated Nanoniosomes for Breast Cancer Therapy: Synergic Effect, Augmentation of Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Gene Expression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Monoclonal Antibody Requires Immunomodulation for Efficacy Against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- There Is Strength in Numbers: Quantitation of Fc Gamma Receptors on Murine Tissue-Resident Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Critical Players in Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Therapy-resistant microenvironments represent a major barrier toward effective elimination of disseminated cancer. Many hematologic and solid tumors are resistant to therapeutic antibodies in the bone marrow (BM), but not in the periphery (e.g., spleen). We previously showed that cyclophosphamide (CTX) sensitizes the BM niche to antibody therapeutics. Here, we show that (i) BM resistance was induced not only by the tumor but also by the intrinsic BM microenvironment; (ii) CTX treatment overcame both intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms by augmenting macrophage activation and phagocytosis, including significant upregulation of activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRIII and FcγRIV) and downregulation of the inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB; and (iii) CTX synergized with cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and trastuzumab (anti-Her2) in eliminating metastatic breast cancer in the BM of humanized mice. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which CTX synergizes with antibody therapeutics in resistant niche-specific organs and its applicability in treating BM-resident tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.