Trial reportCancer medicine2019
Phase II trial of ponatinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma.
Trial report in Cancer medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Receptor tyrosine kinase targeted therapies in glioblastoma: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of two-stage designs of Phase 2 single-arm trials in glioblastoma: a systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Pooled it
- Phase II trial of ponatinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma.Cancer medicine · 2019Trial
- Ponatinib inhibits LCK and PI3K signaling and promotes CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Glioma-Immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: mechanistic insights and therapeutic translation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Review
- Overcoming Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Functional Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- NF1/2 mutations predict favorable benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies over VEGFR/mTOR inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- KAT7 contributes to ponatinib-induced hypertension by promoting endothelial senescence and inflammatory responses through activating NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Endothelial-secreted Endocan activates PDGFRA and regulates vascularity and spatial phenotype in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Clinical and translational advances in primary brain tumor therapy with a focus on glioblastoma-A comprehensive review of the literature.World neurosurgery: X · 2024Review
- Advanced tumor electric fields therapy: A review of innovative research and development and prospect of application in glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Mechanistic insights and the clinical prospects of targeted therapies for glioblastoma: a comprehensive review.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Status of alternative angiogenic pathways in glioblastoma resected under and after bevacizumab treatment.Brain tumor pathology · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between glioblastoma and tumor microenvironment drives proneural-mesenchymal transition through ligand-receptor interactions.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeted Glioma Therapy-Clinical Trials and Future Directions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma's secrets and harnessing two decades of progress.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Targeting of endothelial cells in brain tumours.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResponses to bevacizumab in glioblastoma (GBM) are not durable. Plasma levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increase at the time of tumor progression. By targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Src, and FGF receptor pathways, ponatinib may potentially help to overcome some of the putative mechanisms of adaptive resistance.
methodsWe performed a phase II trial of ponatinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory GBM and variants. Adult patients with Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥60, measurable disease, and normal organ and marrow function received 45 mg ponatinib daily. No limit on the number of prior therapies but only one prior bevacizumab-containing regimen was allowed. Primary endpoint was 3-month progression-free survival. Plasma biomarkers of angiogenesis and inflammation were evaluated before and after treatment.
resultsThe study closed after the first stage. Fifteen patients enrolled: median age 61 [27-74]; median KPS 80 [70-90]; median number of prior relapses 2 [2-4]. Three-month progression-free survival rate was 0, median overall survival was 98 days [95% CI 56, 257], and median PFS was 28 days [95% CI 27, 30]. No responses were seen. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events included fatigue (n = 3), hypertension (2), and lipase elevation (2). Ponatinib treatment significantly increased plasma VEGF, soluble (s)VEGFR1, sVEGFR2, sTIE2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and decreased sVEGFR2.
conclusionsPonatinib was associated with minimal activity in bevacizumab-refractory GBM patients. Circulating biomarker data confirmed pharmacodynamic changes and suggested that resistance to ponatinib may be related to an increase in inflammatory cytokines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.