ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2020
Evidence for central antispastic effect of botulinum toxin type A.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Botulinum Toxin A in Facial Rejuvenation Treatment.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Botulinum Toxin Effects on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin A combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy in post-stroke spasticity: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influence of botulinum toxin A in pain perception and condyle-fossa relationship after the management of temporomandibular dysfunction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Trial
- Article
- Sustained anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of botulinum toxin A in blepharospasm patients beyond motor symptom control.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Advances in Clostridial Neurotoxins: Passage of the Intestinal Barrier and Targeting of Specific Neuronal Cells.Toxins · 2026Review
- Intrathecal monovalent fragments from two human monoclonal antibodies block tetanus neurotoxin in rodents.iScience · 2025Article
- Effect of Botulinum Toxin on Sensori-Motor Integration in Movement Disorders: A Scoping Review.Toxins · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin Type A Exerts Direct Trans-Synaptic Action at Bilateral Spinal Nociceptive Circuits.Toxins · 2025Article
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- The significance of split-face studies and electromyography in forehead rejuvenation.Archives of craniofacial surgery · 2023Article
- [Clinical use of botulinum toxin type A in pain medicine].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- The safety of botulinum neurotoxin type A's intraarticular application in experimental animals.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- Lasting Peripheral and Central Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Experimental Muscle Hypertonia in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Detection of VAMP Proteolysis by Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B In Vivo with a Cleavage-Specific Antibody.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Botulinum Toxin: From Poison to Possible Treatment for Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Repurposing a digital kitchen scale for neuroscience research: a complete hardware and software cookbook for PASTA.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Evidence for central antispastic effect of botulinum toxin type A.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeBotulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) injections into hyperactive muscles provide effective treatment for spasticity and dystonias, presumably due to its local effects on extrafusal and intrafusal motor fibres. A recent discovery of toxin's retrograde axonal transport to CNS might suggest additional action sites. However, in comparison to cholinergic peripheral terminals, functional consequences of BoNT/A direct central action on abnormally increased muscle tone are presently unknown. To address this question, the central effects of BoNT/A were assessed in experimental local spastic paralysis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Local spastic paralysis was induced by injection of tetanus toxin (1.5 ng) into rat gastrocnemius. Subsequently, BoNT/A (5 U·kg KEY
resultsTetanus toxin evoked muscular spasm (sustained rigid hind paw extension and resistance to passive ankle flexion). Subsequent injections of BoNT/A, i.m. or i.n, reduced tetanus toxin-evoked spastic paralysis. Beneficial effects of i.n. BoNT/A and occurrence of cleaved SNAP-25 in ventral horn were prevented by i.t. antitoxin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Axonally transported BoNT/A relieves muscle hypertonia induced by tetanus toxin, following the trans-synaptic movement of BoNT/A in the CNS. These results suggest that such direct, centrally mediated reduction of abnormal muscle tone might contribute to the effectiveness of BoNT/A in spasticity and hyperkinetic movement disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.