ArticleNeuroscience bulletin2020
Ketamine Alleviates Fear Generalization Through GluN2B-BDNF Signaling in Mice.
Article in Neuroscience bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular pathways of ketamine: A systematic review of immediate and sustained effects on PTSD.Psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The Mechanisms Behind Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Systematic Review With a Focus on Molecular Neuroplasticity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- A novel finding on sex-dependent diverse behavioral responses to the anticipation of a threat in a rat model of fear conditioning with the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex.Learning & behavior · 2026Article
- mGluR5 in ECAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- From Bench to Bedside: Understanding General Anesthetics' Impact on PTSD.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Sex-dependent role of hippocampal BDNF and GSK-3β in mediating PTSD-like behaviors in both sexes of adolescent rats exposed to fear conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Ketamine differentially affects implicit and explicit memory processes in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- New Insights into Contradictory Changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Rodent Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Basolateral amygdala parvalbumin and cholecystokinin-expressing GABAergic neurons modulate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Dual-step pharmacological intervention for traumatic-like memories: implications from D-cycloserine and cannabidiol or clonidine in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Dominant activities of fear engram cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus underlie fear generalization in mice.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Potentiated GABAergic neuronal activities in the basolateral amygdala alleviate stress-induced depressive behaviors.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- The effect of obstructive sleep apnea severity on PTSD symptoms during the course of esketamine treatment: a retrospective clinical study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- A single dose of ketamine enhances early life stress-induced aggression with no effect on fear memory, anxiety-like behavior, or depression-like behavior in mice.Behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cholecystokinin B receptor antagonists for the treatment of depression via blocking long-term potentiation in the basolateral amygdala.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Corticostriatal Neurons in the Anterior Auditory Field Regulate Frequency Discrimination Behavior.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Article
- GluN2B-containing NMDARs in the mammalian brain: pharmacology, physiology, and pathology.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Deficiency of Tet3 in nucleus accumbens enhances fear generalization and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fear memories are critical for survival. Nevertheless, over-generalization of these memories, depicted by a failure to distinguish threats from safe stimuli, is typical in stress-related disorders. Previous studies have supported a protective role of ketamine against stress-induced depressive behavior. However, the effect of ketamine on fear generalization remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of ketamine on fear generalization in a fear-generalized mouse model. The mice were given a single sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h before, 1 week before, immediately after, or 22 h after fear conditioning. The behavioral measure of fear (indicated by freezing level) and synaptic protein expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and inferior-limbic pre-frontal cortex (IL-PFC) of mice were examined. We found that only ketamine administered 22 h after fear conditioning significantly decreased the fear generalization, and the effect was dose-dependent and lasted for at least 2 weeks. The fear-generalized mice showed a lower level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a higher level of GluN2B protein in the BLA and IL-PFC, and this was reversed by a single administration of ketamine. Moreover, the GluN2B antagonist ifenprodil decreased the fear generalization when infused into the IL-PFC, but had no effect when infused into the BLA. Infusion of ANA-12 (an antagonist of the BDNF receptor TrkB) into the BLA or IL-PFC blocked the effect of ketamine on fear generalization. These findings support the conclusion that a single dose of ketamine administered 22 h after fear conditioning alleviates the fear memory generalization in mice and the GluN2B-related BDNF signaling pathway plays an important role in the alleviation of fear generalization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.