ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2019
Human Colorectal Cancer Infrastructure Constructed by the Glycocalyx.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age‑dependent and post‑intraventricular hemorrhage remodeling of the ependymal glycocalyx in mice.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Targeting the cancer glycocalyx in salivary duct carcinoma: tumor-associated mucin 1 (Tn-MUC1) as a novel cell surface marker.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2025Article
- Visualizing the endothelial glycocalyx in human glioma vasculature.Brain tumor pathology · 2025Article
- Fast-track preparation of lung specimens for electron microscope observations of the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx.Medical molecular morphology · 2023Article
- Glycocalyx analysis of bladder cancer: three-dimensional images in electron microscopy and vicia villosa lectin as a marker for invasiveness in frozen sections.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Development of extrahepatic bile ducts and mechanisms of tumorigenesis: Lessons from mouse models.Pathology international · 2022Review
- Microbial metabolite deoxycholic acid promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation in intestinal carcinogenesis.Cancer science · 2022Article
- The effectiveness of alprostadil in treating coronary microcirculation dysfunction following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a pig model.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Three-dimensional electron microscopy for endothelial glycocalyx observation using Alcian blue with silver enhancement.Medical molecular morphology · 2021Article
- Update on the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Angiogenesis and Vascular Inflammation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer cells can survive and grow via angiogenesis. An alternative but controversial theory is cancer cells may grow via vasculogenic mimicry (VM), in which the cancer cells themselves construct vessel-like channels that are considered a leading cause of drug resistance. The dynamic functions of the glycocalyx (GCX), a meshwork composed of proteoglycans and glycoproteins that surrounds cell membranes, have been observed in endothelial cells within tumors. However, the actual structural shape formed by the GCX in human patients remains unclear. Here, we visualized the three-dimensional (3D) network structure constructed by bulky GCX in human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using scanning electron microscopy with lanthanum nitrate staining. The network structure extended throughout the cancer cell nest, opening into capillaries, with a tunnel channel that exhibited a net- and spongy-like ultrastructure. The expression of endothelial and cancer-specific GCX-binding lectins was dramatically increased in the interstitial spaces between cancer cells. Even accounting for the presence of artifacts resulting from sample preparation methods, the intercellular tunnels appeared to be coated with the bulky GCX. Further, this 3D network structure was also observed in the tumors of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.