ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Blood Lead Concentrations and Antibody Levels to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella among U.S. Children.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Environmental lead exposure and clinical infectious respiratory disease in a sample of urban and disadvantaged children.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of mid-childhood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and early childhood metals with mid-childhood antibody titers.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Pregnancy exposure to individual phthalate concentrations and their mixtures in relation to pediatric serum antibody response.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Impact of a prenatal exposure mixture of metals on DNA methylation-derived cell-type composition in cord blood.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Article
- Identifying critical windows of susceptibility to perinatal lead exposure on child serum vaccine antibody levels.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- A systematic review and modelling insights of factors impacting measles vaccine effectiveness, efficacy and immunogenicity.Discover viruses · 2025Review
- Is chemical exposure present in informal work associated with Sars-CoV-2 infection?Revista de saude publica · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Child blood lead concentrations have been associated with measures of immune dysregulation in nationally representative study samples. However, response to vaccination-often considered the gold standard in immunotoxicity testing-has not been examined in relation to typical background lead concentrations common among U.S. children. The present study estimated the association between blood lead concentrations and antigen-specific antibody levels to measles, mumps, and rubella in a nationally representative sample of 7005 U.S. children aged 6-17 years. Data from the 1999-2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. In the adjusted models, children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL had an 11% lower anti-measles (95% CI: -16, -5) and a 6% lower anti-mumps antibody level (95% CI: -11, -2) compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL. The odds of a seronegative anti-measles antibody level was approximately two-fold greater for children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.1). The adverse associations observed in the present study provide further evidence of potential immunosuppression at blood lead concentrations <5 µg/dL, the present Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level.
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