Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31442513›Full record

ReviewProgress in cardiovascular diseases

Obesity, risk of diabetes and role of physical activity, exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Salvatore Carbone, Marco Giuseppe Del Buono, Cemal Ozemek, Carl J Lavie

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Progress in cardiovascular diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
154citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
15.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

154 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 324 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Ultrafiltered Mulberry (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  20. Validity and reliability ofSports medicine and health science · 2026
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94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Salvatore CarboneDepartment of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America. Electronic address: salvatore.carbone@vcuhealth.org.
Marco Giuseppe Del BuonoDepartment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Cemal OzemekDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Carl J LavieDepartment of Cardiovascular Disease, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The epidemic of obesity contributes to the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States and worldwide. Importantly, obesity is not only preventable but can be treated, particularly with lifestyle modifications to forestall T2DM in those with excess adiposity. The mechanisms linking obesity to T2DM are numerous and involve adipose tissue remodeling as a result of unhealthy behaviors, including unhealthy diet, reduced physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET), and increased sedentary behaviors. Taken together, these factors markedly reduce cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), one of the strongest predictors for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in the general population, but also in those with T2DM. In this review we describe the mechanisms leading to adipose tissue remodeling resulting in obesity, as well as the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to insulin resistance and, in turn, T2DM. We then present the therapeutic strategies that can be implemented in obesity to prevent T2DM, with a brief discussion on weight loss, and greater emphasis on PA and ET. We finally present the evidence to support the beneficial effects of such strategies in patients with established T2DM and discuss the importance of achieving improvements in CRF in this population to potentially improve clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

Life StyleAgedBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesComorbidityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseExercise TherapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrognosisQuality of LifeRisk AssessmentCardiorespiratory fitnessDiabetesExercise trainingObesityPhysical activitySedentary behaviors

Identifiers

PMID31442513
OpenAlexW2969629179

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.