Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31442423›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2019

Single-Nucleotide-Resolution Computing and Memory in Living Cells.

Fahim Farzadfard, Nava Gharaei, Yasutomi Higashikuni, Giyoung Jung, Jicong Cao, Timothy K Lu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Genomic repeats for single-cell molecular recording.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. PALINCODE: Recording cell lineage with ternary palindromic CRISPR bits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. The lives of cells, recorded.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Fahim FarzadfardSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, USA; MIT Microbiology Graduate Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: ffard@mit.edu.
Nava GharaeiMCO Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Yasutomi HigashikuniSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
Giyoung JungSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jicong CaoSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
Timothy K LuSynthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Synthetic Biology Center, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, USA; MIT Microbiology Graduate Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: timlu@mit.edu.

Funding

MIT Center for Integrative Synthetic BiologyP50GM098792 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WEISS, RON · 2013 to 2017
$11.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM098792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to process and store information in living cells is essential for developing next-generation therapeutics and studying biology in situ. However, existing strategies have limited recording capacity and are challenging to scale. To overcome these limitations, we developed DOMINO, a robust and scalable platform for encoding logic and memory in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Using an efficient single-nucleotide-resolution Read-Write head for DNA manipulation, DOMINO converts the living cells' DNA into an addressable, readable, and writable medium for computation and storage. DOMINO operators enable analog and digital molecular recording for long-term monitoring of signaling dynamics and cellular events. Furthermore, multiple operators can be layered and interconnected to encode order-independent, sequential, and temporal logic, allowing recording and control over the combination, order, and timing of molecular events in cells. We envision that DOMINO will lay the foundation for building robust and sophisticated computation-and-memory gene circuits for numerous biotechnological and biomedical applications.

Indexed as

Computers, MolecularDNAHEK293 CellsHumansDNAanalog and digital recording and computationbase editingcellular computationDNA memoryDNA writingdynamic genome engineeringlogic circuitsmolecular recordingsynthetic gene circuits

Identifiers

PMID31442423
PMCPMC7001763

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.