ArticlePloS one2019
Functionally graded titanium implants: Characteristic enhancement induced by combined severe plastic deformation.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of clinical efficacy of 3D-printed artificial vertebral body and conventional titanium mesh cage in spinal reconstruction after total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Development, characterization and biological studies of Mn-doped ZnO/Ti biomaterials for regenerative medicine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Double-Layer Sol-Gel Modifications on Titanium Alloy Substrates-Physicochemical Properties Evaluation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nanostructured Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy for implant application-material scientific, technological, and biological aspects.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Surface Modification Techniques to Produce Micro/Nano-scale Topographies on Ti-Based Implant Surfaces for Improved Osseointegration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Micro/Nanostructured Topography on Titanium Orchestrates Dendritic Cell Adhesion and Activation via β2 Integrin-FAK Signals.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- TiAl6V4 Alloy Surface Modifications and Their Impact on Biofilm Development ofJournal of functional biomaterials · 2021Article
- A Review on Design and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured NiTi Implants for Orthopedic Applications.International journal of bioprinting · 2021Review
- 3D Printing Technologies in Metallic Implants: A Thematic Review on the Techniques and Procedures.International journal of bioprinting · 2021Review
- Gradient Microstructure Induced by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) in Magnesium Studied Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy and Complementary Methods.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Toxicity Phenomenon and the Related Occurrence in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review From the Biomedical Perspective.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Functional Gradient Metallic Biomaterials: Techniques, Current Scenery, and Future Prospects in the Biomedical Field.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) for the purpose of developing functionally graded titanium used for implants and a gradient structure including nanostructured, deformed and undeformed zones were produced on the samples. In particular, it was aimed to design the gradient-structure in the titanium with enhanced properties by applying 4 ECAP passes to form bulk structure of ultrafine-grains and subsequently subjecting SMAT to the surface of ECAPed samples to produce nanostructured surface region. Microstructural examination was made by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). Also, microhardness, nanoindentation, topography, roughness and wettability were evaluated. To examine the biological response, human osteosarcoma cells were cultured in contact with the samples in various time periods and morphology change, cell viability and alkaline phosphate activity were conducted also cell morphology was monitored. EBSD showed development of ultrafine-grained structure after 4 passes of ECAP with an average grain size of 500 nm. Applying SMAT resulted in additional refinement in the ECAP samples, particularly in the subsurface regions to a depth of 112 μm. Furthermore, the SMATed samples showed an enhancement in roughness, wettability and hardness magnitudes. Viability enhanced up to 7% in SMATed + ECAPed sample, although the acceptable cell adhesion, improved cell differentiation and mineralization were seen. The combined use of ECAP and SMAT has shown a good potential for optimizing the design of modern functionally graded medical devices and implants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.