ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2020
Skull Fractures Induce Neuroinflammation and Worsen Outcomes after Closed Head Injury in Mice.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skull fractures may be associated with hyperfibrinolysis in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Affordable miniaturized speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography device for depth-sensitive mapping of cerebral blood flow in rodents.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- Quantitative relationship between hippocampal injury and mechanical load and body weight in closed head injury of male rats using quadratic orthogonal regression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Osteoblastic Differentiation and Mitigation of the Inflammatory Response in Titanium Alloys Decorated with Oligopeptides.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of naltrexone in a mouse model of post-traumatic seizures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Glial cells react to closed head injury in a distinct and spatiotemporally orchestrated manner.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The emerging importance of skull-brain interactions in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of Administration of Fibrinogen Concentrate as Prevention of Hypofibrinogenemia in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury with a Higher Risk for Severe Hyperfibrinolysis: Single Center Before-and-After Study.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- Cranial Bone Changes Induced by Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Neglected Player in Concussion Outcomes?Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
- Electromagnetic Controlled Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Localized, time-dependent responses of rat cranial bone to repeated mild traumatic brain injuries.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Appendicular Fracture and Polytrauma Correlate with Outcome of Spinal Cord Injury: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Spinal Cord Injury Study.Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Article
- Reduced GFAP Expression in Bergmann Glial Cells in the Cerebellum of Sigma-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Determines the Neurobehavioral Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Acute Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response and Neurovascular Disorders in the Brain.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Adenosine AJournal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Article
- Mitochondrial-Protective Effects of R-Phenibut after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Mast Cell Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Tight Junction Protein Derangement in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury.Mediators of inflammation · 2020Article
- Bone Anabolic Response in the Calvaria Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury is Mediated by the Cannabinoid-1 Receptor.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The weight-drop model is used widely to replicate closed-head injuries in mice; however, the histopathological and functional outcomes may vary significantly between laboratories. Because skull fractures are reported to occur in this model, we aimed to evaluate whether these breaks may influence the variability of the weight-drop (WD) model. Male Swiss Webster mice underwent WD injury with either a 2 or 5 mm cone tip, and behavior was assessed at 2 h and 24 h thereafter using the neurological severity score. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 genes was measured at 12 h and 1, 3, and 14 days after injury. Before the injury, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to quantify skull thickness at the impact site. With a conventional tip diameter of 2 mm, 33% of mice showed fractures of the parietal bone; the 5 mm tip produced only 10% fractures. Compared with mice without fractures, mice with fractures had a severity-dependent worse functional outcome and a more pronounced upregulation of inflammatory genes in the brain. Older mice were associated with thicker parietal bones and were less prone to skull fractures. In addition, mice that underwent traumatic brain injury (TBI) with skull fracture had macroscopic brain damage because of skull depression. Skull fractures explain a considerable proportion of the variability observed in the WD model in mice-i.e., mice with skull fractures have a much stronger inflammatory response than do mice without fractures. Using older mice with thicker skull bones and an impact cone with a larger diameter reduces the rate of skull fractures and the variability in this very useful closed-head TBI model.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.