ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology2020
Predictors and Limitations of the Penetration Depth of Photodynamic Effects in the Rodent Brain.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photo- and Immunotherapy Interface: Can Dendritic Cell Vaccines Overcome the Limitations of PDT?Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Next-generation multicolor indicators for in vivo imaging of norepinephrine.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Advancing prussian blue nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy through machine learning and multiomics integration.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Sonodynamic Therapy for HER2+ Breast Cancer with Iodinated Heptamethine Cyanine-Trastuzumab Conjugate.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Recent advances in self-immobilizing fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging.Smart molecules : open access · 2024Review
- Carrier-Free, Amorphous Verteporfin Nanodrug for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy and Brain Drug Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Application of Photodynamic Therapy in Cardiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Peritumoral brain zone in glioblastoma: biological, clinical and mechanical features.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Photobac derived from bacteriochlorophyll-a shows potential for treating brain tumor in animal models by photodynamic therapy with desired pharmacokinetics and limited toxicity in rats and dogs.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Article
- Implanted, Wireless, Self-Powered Photodynamic Therapeutic Tablet Synergizes with Ferroptosis Inducer for Effective Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- β-Cyclodextrin Nanophotosensitizers for Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Theranostics with photodynamic therapy for personalized medicine: to see and to treat.Theranostics · 2023Review
- Development of an Endoscopic Auto-Fluorescent Sensing Device to Aid in the Detection of Breast Cancer and Inform Photodynamic Therapy.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Phenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Ester-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide via Thioketal Linker for Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6 against Oral Cancer Cells.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Quantifying the Photochemical Damage Potential of Contrast-Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging Products: Singlet Oxygen Production.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Depth-resolved imaging of photosensitizer in the rodent brain using fluorescence laminar optical tomography.Journal of biomedical optics · 2020Article
- Harnessing the Potential Synergistic Interplay Between Photosensitizer Dark Toxicity and Chemotherapy.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2020Article
- A liposome/gelatin methacrylate nanocomposite hydrogel system for delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1α and stimulation of cell migration.Acta biomaterialia · 2020Article
- Breaking the selectivity-uptake trade-off of photoimmunoconjugates with nanoliposomal irinotecan for synergistic multi-tier cancer targeting.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is routinely utilized in clinical centers around the world, whereas the combination of FGS and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has yet to reach clinical implementation and remains an active area of translational investigations. Two significant challenges to the clinical translation of PDT for brain cancer are as follows: (1) Limited light penetration depth in brain tissues and (2) Poor selectivity and delivery of the appropriate photosensitizers. To address these shortcomings, we developed nanoliposomal protoporphyrin IX (Nal-PpIX) and nanoliposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (Nal-BPD) and then evaluated their photodynamic effects as a function of depth in tissue and light fluence using rat brains. Although red light penetration depth (defined as the depth at which the incident optical energy drops to 1/e, ~37%) is typically a few millimeters in tissues, we demonstrated that the remaining optical energy could induce PDT effects up to 2 cm within brain tissues. Photobleaching and singlet oxygen yield studies between Nal-BPD and Nal-PpIX suggest that deep-tissue PDT (>1 cm) is more effective when using Nal-BPD. These findings indicate that Nal-BPD-PDT is more likely to generate cytotoxic effects deep within the brain and allow for the treatment of brain invading tumor cells centimeters away from the main, resectable tumor mass.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.