Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31440686›Full record

ArticleSpine surgery and related research2019

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produced by Osteoclasts Might Induce Intractable Pain in a Rat Spinal Metastasis Model of Breast Cancer.

Ai Mazaki, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuhide Inage, Miyako Suzuki, Kohki Abe, Yasuhiro Shiga, Masahiro Inoue, Masaki Norimoto, Tomotaka Umimura, Seiji Ohtori and 1 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Spine surgery and related research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 43% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ai MazakiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Sumihisa OritaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Kazuhide InageDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Miyako SuzukiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Kohki AbeDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Yasuhiro ShigaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Masahiro InoueDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Masaki NorimotoDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Tomotaka UmimuraDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Seiji OhtoriDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Kazuyo YamauchiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Chiba University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCauses of pain due to spinal metastases have been insufficiently investigated. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were the focus of this study. Both are known as proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathophysiology of pain syndromes

methodsWe made a rat spinal metastasis model of breast cancer (metastasis group) and models with a hole in the vertebrae (puncture group) and resected the vertebrae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to reconfirm that osteoclasts increase in vertebrae with spinal metastasis. We then evaluated TNF-α and IL-6 expression using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

resultsThe results of TRAP staining showed that osteoclasts increase in metastatic vertebrae. The osteoclasts in the puncture models were TNF-α negative but were TNF-α positive in the metastasis model. The osteoclasts in the puncture models and metastasis model were both IL-6 positive. According to the real-time PCR results, TNF-α in vertebrae increased in the metastasis model, but IL-6 did not increase in the metastasis model compared with in the puncture model.

conclusionsThe number of osteoclasts is higher in the metastasis model. While TNF in the osteoclasts increased in the spinal metastasis model, IL-6 did not. This probably means that breast cancer affects TNF production in osteoclasts. This increase of TNF-α may lead to pain from spinal metastasis.

Indexed as

breast cancerIL-6osteoclastpainproinflammatory cytokinesspinal metastasisTNF-α

Identifiers

PMID31440686
PMCPMC6698511
OpenAlexW2934542882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.