ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
Concurrent therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and TNFα blockade in patients with gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced psoriasis: Inference-based guidance.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic adverse events.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Corticosteroid-resistant immune-related adverse events: a systematic review.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- TNF signature in advanced melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Results from the MELANFα clinical study.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- TNFα-driven epigenetic upregulation of TIGIT creates a targetable vulnerability in tumors.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Report from the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus Conference.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Review
- Heterogeneity of macrophages in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy: a single-cell perspective.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Betrixaban activates cGAS-STING to promote antitumor immunity without pathological inflammation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Role of PANoptosis in intestinal diseases and its therapeutic implications.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Immunological Drug-Drug Interactions in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Artificial Intelligence.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- RUNX2 drives adenoma-to-carcinoma transition in colon cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Infliximab for Grade III or IV Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nephritis Clinical and Translational Evidence.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- [Diagnostics and therapy of gastroenterological side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy].Magyar onkologia · 2025Review
- Skin Reactions and Other Underappreciated Dermatologic Side Effects of Cancer Therapies.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Roles of the gut microbiota in immune-related adverse events: mechanisms and therapeutic intervention.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Drug-Induced Liver Injury Associated With Emerging Cancer Therapies.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Review
- Cytokines in cancer.Cancer cell · 2025Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy as cancer therapeutics, however, their use remains limited due to the development of immune related adverse events (irAEs). Immune related enterocolitis (irEC) is among the most common severe irAEs leading to the discontinuation of ICIs. Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) have been used to treat irEC. Recent animal studies have shown that concurrent treatment with anti-TNFα and ICIs improves tumor responses and decreases colitis severity. This approach has not yet been studied in prospective trials in humans. Here we describe, for the first time, the outcomes of patients who were treated concurrently with anti-TNFα and one or two ICIs. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Five patients with different primary malignancies were treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab (2 patients), pembrolizumab (1 patient), ipilimumab (1 patient), or cemiplimab (1 patient). All patients developed irEC within 40 days of their first ICI dose. The patients presented with a combination of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and subsequently underwent upper endoscopy and/or lower endoscopy. Endoscopy results demonstrated a spectrum of acute inflammatory changes across the gastrointestinal tract. Steroid therapy was used as first line treatment. To prevent prolonged steroid use and recurrence of gastrointestinal inflammation after resumption of cancer therapy, patients were treated concurrently with infliximab and ICI. Patients tolerated further ICI therapy with no recurrence of symptoms. Repeat endoscopies showed resolution of acute inflammation and restaging imaging showed no cancer progression.
conclusionsConcurrent treatment with anti-TNFα and ICI appears to be safe, facilitates steroid tapering, and prevents irEC. Prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the outcomes of this treatment modality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.