ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2019
Antipredator strategies of pupae: how to avoid predation in an immobile life stage?
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Delayed hatching as a life-history response to intraguild predation: interspecific variation in predatory mites.Oecologia · 2026Article
- Distinct Swimming Behaviours in Pupae ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Plastral Patterns Serve an Anti-Predator Function in Freshwater Turtle Hatchlings.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Slender but Strong: Substrate-Driven Adaptations in Parasitic Wasp Ovipositors.Integrative and comparative biology · 2026Article
- Predictors of Wing Attacks by Birds Across Australian Butterflies.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Variation in leaf utilization sites among three Calystegia (Solanales: Convolvulaceae)-feeding leaf beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) partly explains differences in competitiveness: a case study of spatial analysis.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2025Article
- Life cycle of Morpho helenor peleides (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) under natural conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2025Article
- Complementary approaches to measure predation pressure on butterfly populations in Australia.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Should I dive or should I float? Behavioural plasticity of Aedes mariae pupae under predation threat.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Landscape heterogeneity and pesticide reduction favor predation, but also grape infestation by Lobesia botrana.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2025Article
- Adult predation shapes the evolution of swimming performance in guppies (Biology letters · 2025Article
- Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupal success and adult eclosion across variable soil type and moisture.Environmental entomology · 2024Article
- Distinct developmental patterns in Anopheles stephensi organ systems.Developmental biology · 2024Article
- Fossils in Myanmar amber demonstrate the diversity of anti-predator strategies of Cretaceous holometabolan insect larvae.iScience · 2024Article
- Sex and stress modulate pupal defense response in tobacco hornworm.Current zoology · 2023Article
- Functional response of 3 green lacewing species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2023Article
- Cascading Effects of Cover Crops on the Subsequent Cash Crop Defense against the Polyphagous Herbivore Fall Armyworm (Insects · 2023Article
- Pupal Warning Coloration of Three Species ofInsects · 2022Article
- The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Article
- Glue Genes Are Subjected to Diverse Selective Forces during Drosophila Development.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high during the pupal stage, making it a critical stage for subsequent fitness. The immobile pupae are not, however, defenceless; a wide range of antipredator strategies have evolved against invertebrate and vertebrate predators. The most common strategy seems to be 'avoiding encounters with predators' by actively hiding in vegetation and soil or via cryptic coloration and masquerade. Pupae have also evolved behavioural and secondary defences such as defensive toxins, physical defences or deimatic movements and sounds. Interestingly, warning coloration used to advertise unprofitability has evolved very rarely, even though the pupal stage often contains defensive toxins in chemically defended species. In some species, pupae gain protection from conspecifics or mimic chemical and auditory signals and thereby manipulate other species to protect them. Our literature survey highlights the importance of studying selection pressures across an individual's life stages to predict how ontogenetic variation in selective environments shapes individual fitness and population dynamics in insects. Finally, we also suggest interesting avenues for future research to pursue. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.
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