Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31438167›Full record

ArticleStudies in health technology and informatics2019

P-Hacking Lexical Richness Through Definitions of "Type" and "Token".

K Bretonnel Cohen, Lawrence E Hunter, Peter S Pressman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Studies in health technology and informatics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

K Bretonnel CohenComputational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Lawrence E HunterComputational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Peter S PressmanDepartment of Neurology, University of Colorado Hospitals, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Funding

Computational Speech Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders (Supplement)K23AG063900 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI PRESSMAN, PETER SCOTT · 2020 to 2024
$980k
NIA NIH HHS K23 AG063900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

"P-hacking" is the repeated analysis of data until a statistically significant result is achieved. We show that p-hacking can also occur during data generation, sometimes unintentionally. We use the type-token ratio to demonstrate that differences in the definitions of "type" and "token" can produce significantly different results. Since these terms are rarely defined in the biomedical literature, the result is an inability to meaningfully interpret the body of literature that makes use of this measure.

Indexed as

Computer SecurityVocabularyLanguagevocabulary

Identifiers

PMID31438167
PMCPMC8956251

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.