ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Outpatient Urinary Tract Infections in an Era of Virtual Healthcare: Trends From 2008 to 2017.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- When Empiric Therapy Fails: Clinical and Economic Consequences in uUTIs Among US Women.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Patient and healthcare professionals' perceptions of educational tools to reduce urine culture contamination in outpatient clinics: a qualitative study.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Urinary incontinence in US adults aged ≥55 years with type 2 diabetes and indications for SGLT2is: NHANES 2013-2020.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Article
- Improving Urinary Tract Infection Diagnostics in Oncology: Reliability of Reflex Urine Culture in Immunosuppressed Neutropenic and Non-neutropenic Cancer Patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Innovative Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Extracts Containing Punicic and Ellagic Acid: Addressing Lower Urinary Tract Disorders.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Resistance of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrences in a Large Integrated US Healthcare System.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Role of Sex and Gender in Precision Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review and Proposed Hierarchy.Clinical therapeutics · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Among Women in a Large Integrated Health Care Organization in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Subverts Host Autophagic Defenses by Stalling Preautophagosomal Structures to Escape Lysosome Exocytosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- U.S. primary care physician perceptions on barriers to providing guideline-driven care for UTI and recurrent UTI: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Gut residentmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- UropathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Multidrug Resistance ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of California's Senate Bill 27 on Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection in Humans: Protocol for a Study of Methods and Baseline Data.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Article
- Increased Levels of (p)ppGpp Correlate with Virulence and Biofilm Formation, but Not with Growth, in Strains of UropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Impact of a Statewide Livestock Antibiotic Use Policy on Resistance in Human UrineEnvironmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Exposure to industrial hog and poultry operations and urinary tract infections in North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Urinary Tract Infections Caused by UropathogenicMicroorganisms · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) occur commonly, but recent data on UTI rates are scarce. It is unknown how the growth of virtual healthcare delivery affects outpatient UTI management and trends in the United States.
methodsFrom 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017, UTIs from outpatient settings (office, emergency, and virtual visits) were identified from electronic health records at Kaiser Permanente Southern California using multiple UTI definitions. Annual rates estimated by Poisson regression were stratified by sex, care setting, age, and race/ethnicity. Annual trends were estimated by linear or piecewise Poisson regression.
resultsUTIs occurred in 1 065 955 individuals. Rates per 1000 person-years were 53.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.6-57.0) by diagnosis code with antibiotic and 25.8 (95% CI, 24.7-26.9) by positive culture. Compared to office and emergency visits, UTIs were increasingly diagnosed in virtual visits, where rates by diagnosis code with antibiotic increased annually by 21.2% (95% CI, 16.5%-26.2%) in females and 29.3% (95% CI, 23.7%-35.3%) in males. Only 32% of virtual care diagnoses had a culture order. Overall, UTI rates were highest and increased the most in older adults. Rates were also higher in Hispanic and white females and black and white males.
conclusionsOutpatient UTI rates increased from 2008 to 2017, especially in virtual care and among older adults. Virtual care is important for expanding access to health services, but strategies are needed in all outpatient care settings to ensure accurate UTI diagnosis and reduce inappropriate antibiotic treatment.
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