ArticlePloS one2019
Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in tears and serum among diabetic patients.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tear-fluid-derived biomarkers of ocular complications in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Retinal hemoperfusion and vascular endothelial function after pancreatic transplantation.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Mathematical Models of Topically and Intravitreally Applied Ranibizumab.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): An Overview of Biomarkers in Various Samples for Prediction, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Staged surgical treatment of complicated initial cataract in patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- VEGFA may be a potential marker of myopic choroidal thickness and vascular density changes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tear fluid cytokine analysis: a non-invasive approach for assessing retinopathy of prematurity severity.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Tear Proteomics in Infants at Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Feasibility Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- The role of endothelial growth factor and tear levels in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Advances and Perspectives in Relation to the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Serum and vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor levels in diabetic retinopathy.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2023Review
- Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Comparison of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels in tears among diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Article
- Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the tears and serum of age-related macular degeneration patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Colorimetric and Electrochemical Screening for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy-Application of Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy: Recent progress and future perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Regulatory role of miRNA-23a in diabetic retinopathy.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of VEGF level in tears post phacoemulsification between non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-diabetic patients.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2021Article
- Dysregulated Tear Film Proteins in Macular Edema Due to the Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Are Involved in the Regulation of Protein Clearance, Inflammation, and Neovascularization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveDetection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in ocular tissue may perhaps provide insight into the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of VEGF in tears and serum amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
methodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2016 and May 2018 involving type 2 DM patients with no DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Tear samples were collected using no.41 Whatman filter paper (Schirmer strips) and 5 mL blood samples were drawn by venous puncture. VEGF levels in tears and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsA total of 88 type 2 DM patients (no DR: 30 patients, NPDR: 28 patients, PDR: 30 patients) were included in the study. Mean tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in the NPDR and PDR groups (114.4 SD 52.5 pg/mL and 150.8 SD 49.7 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the no DR group (40.4 SD 26.5 pg/mL, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean serum VEGF levels between the three groups. There was a fair correlation between serum and tear VEGF levels (p = 0.015, r = 0.263).
conclusionVEGF levels in tears were significantly higher amongst diabetic patients with DR compared to those without DR and were significantly associated with the severity of DR. There was a fair correlation between serum and tear VEGF levels. Detection of VEGF in tears is a good non-invasive predictor test for the severity of DR. A large cohort study is needed for further evaluation.
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