SynthesisCancer medicine2019
The effects and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy or cetuximab in the treatment of platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in treatment of glioma: a single-arm meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Axis Blockade in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stratified by Human Papillomavirus Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Review
- Review
- Update: Immunotherapeutic Strategies in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Viruses · 2025Review
- The Role of HPV in the Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Friend or Foe?Cancers · 2025Review
- Tumor and blood B-cell abundance outperforms established immune checkpoint blockade response prediction signatures in head and neck cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Article
- The regulatory effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on bone metabolism: opportunities and challenges in osteoporosis management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2022Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review of phase-3 clinical trials.World journal of clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Overview of Systematic Reviews.Drugs · 2022Review
- Risk factors for immune-related adverse events: what have we learned and what lies ahead?Biomarker research · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInhibitors of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been increasingly used in head and neck cancer therapy and reported to improve the outcomes with an acceptable safety profile. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the benefit and risk of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with head and neck cancer.
methodThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to find potentially eligible studies up to May 30, 2019. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events.
resultsOverall, this analysis consisted of nine eligible studies, with two randomized controlled trials and seven single arm trials. In the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer, PD-1 inhibitors showed significantly lower relative risk of death than standard-of-care therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.82, I
conclusionProgrammed cell death-1 inhibitors prolonged OS in comparison with standard-of-care therapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients. Human papillomavirus positive patients were superior to HPV negative patients in the treatment of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. More phase III randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.