ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2020
Unmet health needs and discrimination by healthcare providers among an Indigenous population in Toronto, Canada.
Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social determinants of unmet need for primary care: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples Living in Urban Areas of Canada and Their Access to Healthcare: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- The Intersection of Racial Identity and Immigration Status on Patterns of Condom Use, HIV/STI Testing, and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Canada.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Population-Level Outcomes for Screening Program Cancers in First Nations People in Ontario, Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A qualitative descriptive study to explore evaluation and effects of partnered rehabilitation research in Canada.Health research policy and systems · 2026Article
- Cultural continuity: The product of socially accountable, culturally safe, and inclusive care.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of stigma on the health of inclusion health groups: a qualitative scoping review and critical analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Implementation and evaluation of a novel community-based urban mobile health clinic in Toronto, Ontario.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Māori Health, Wellbeing, and Disability in Aotearoa New Zealand: A National Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Factors that influence the delivery of chiropractic services to equity-deserving groups in Canada: a qualitative study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Rates and Associated Factors in Racially Diverse Parents in Canada: The Threat From Conspiracy Beliefs and Racial Discrimination.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Assessing Diversity and Cultural Competency Among Canadian Physiotherapists: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Part 1.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2025Article
- Assessing Cultural Competence Among Canadian Physiotherapists: A Qualitative Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey, Part 2.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2025Article
- "We really need to surround people with care:" a qualitative examination of service providers' perspectives on barriers to HIV care in Manitoba, Canada.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- "Understand the Way We Walk Our Life": Indigenous Patients' Experiences and Recommendations for Healthcare in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Interventions to improve equity in emergency departments for Indigenous people: A scoping review.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Article
- Using virtual reality simulation to address racism in a healthcare setting.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2024Article
- Gaps in biomedical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities focused research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Rates and Factors Related to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Racialized and Indigenous Individuals in Canada: The Deleterious Effect of Experience of Racial Discrimination.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesInequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada persist. Despite the growth of Indigenous populations in urban settings, information on their health is scarce. The objective of this study is to assess the association between experience of discrimination by healthcare providers and having unmet health needs within the Indigenous population of Toronto.
methodsThe Our Health Counts Toronto (OHCT) database was generated using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 917 self-identified Indigenous adults within Toronto for a comprehensive health assessment survey. This cross-sectional study draws on information from 836 OHCT participants with responses to all study variables. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to examine the relationship between lifetime experience of discrimination by a healthcare provider and having an unmet health need in the 12 months prior to the study. Stratified analysis was conducted to understand how information on access to primary care and socio-demographic factors influenced this relationship.
resultsThe RDS-adjusted prevalence of discrimination by a healthcare provider was 28.5% (95% CI 20.4-36.5) and of unmet health needs was 27.3% (95% CI 19.1-35.5). Discrimination by a healthcare provider was positively associated with unmet health needs (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.3).
conclusionThis analysis provides new evidence linking discrimination in healthcare settings to disparities in healthcare access among urban Indigenous people, reinforcing existing recommendations regarding Indigenous cultural safety training for healthcare providers. Our study further demonstrates Our Health Counts methodologies, which employ robust community partnerships and RDS to address gaps in health information for urban Indigenous populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.