Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Effects of non-tobacco flavors and nicotine on e-cigarette product appeal among young adult never, former, and current smokers.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06506162 (The Effect of Flavor and Nicotine Strength on the Abuse Liability and Appeal of Oral Nicotine Products), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Flavor and Nicotine Strength on the Abuse Liability and Appeal of Oral Nicotine Products
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Nicotine and Flavor in the Abuse Potential and Appeal of Electronic Cigarettes for Adult Current and Former Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Appeal and Sensory Characteristics of Oral Nicotine Products in Young Adults Who Vape E-Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Trial
- Effects of flavour and modified risk claims on nicotine pouch perceptions and use intentions among young adults who use inhalable nicotine and tobacco products: a randomised controlled trial.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- Effect of Exposure to e-Cigarettes With Salt vs Free-Base Nicotine on the Appeal and Sensory Experience of Vaping: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Assessing the abuse liability of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized electronic nicotine delivery systems: Impact of nicotine flux, flavor, and menthol cigarette smoking status.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Preflavour and postflavour ban oral nicotine pouches: a chemical, sensory and young adult appeal analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Evaluating the substitutability of fruit versus menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes on combustible cigarette cessation: Randomized clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Impact of four tobacco tax policies on tobacco product purchasing patterns across socioeconomic groups.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Examining eating disorder symptoms and sex as moderators of the association between the sensory attributes and appeal of e-cigarettes.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Nontobacco Nicotine Dependence as a Risk Factor for Poor Long-Term Outcomes After Shoulder Arthroplasty and Rotator Cuff Repair.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Coolants, organic acids, flavourings and other additives that facilitate inhalation of tobacco and nicotine products: implications for regulation.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- The ratio of propylene glycol to glycerol modulates nicotine taste and reward: more glycerol, more reward.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems for Weight Control Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Who Smoke Cigarettes.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Race and ethnicity differences in the association between the sensory experience and appeal of e-cigarette products: A pooled analysis of four within-subject experiments.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Advertising the leading US nicotine pouch brand: a content analysis of ZYN advertisements from 2019 to 2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Preclinical Evidence of the Effects of Sweet Flavors: Sweetness Increases Nicotine Intake and Seeking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Recall of Flavor at First E-cigarette Use and Its Association with E-cigarette Progression: The Mediating Effects of First Sensory Experience.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of vanilla flavor on nicotine taste, choice, intake, and seeking behaviors.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in appeal, reward, and sensory experience of E-cigarette flavors among adults who smoke cigarettes.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- A Patchy Prohibition: Product and Flavor Substitution After the Food and Drug Administration's Prioritized Enforcement Policy on Flavored E-cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundE-cigarette regulations targeting products that disproportionately appeal to never-smokers may optimize population health. This laboratory study of young adults tested whether differences in appeal between e-cigarettes with non-tobacco-flavored (vs. tobacco-flavored) and nicotine-containing (vs. nicotine-free) solutions varied by smoking history.
methodsCurrent (N = 53), former (N = 25), and never (N = 22) cigarette smokers who vape (Mean[SD] age = 25.4[4.4] years) administered standardized e-cigarette doses varied by a Flavor (fruit, menthol, tobacco) × Nicotine (nicotine-containing [6 mg/mL], nicotine-free) within-subject double-blind design. Participants rated each dose's appeal (0-100 scale). Covariate-adjusted interactions tested whether smoking history moderated flavor and nicotine effects.
resultsAppeal was higher for fruit and menthol than tobacco flavors in each group. The fruit vs. tobacco appeal difference was greater in never smokers (fruit-tobacco estimate = 19.6) than current smokers (estimate = 12.1) but not former smokers (estimate = 12.6). The menthol vs. tobacco difference was greater in never smokers (menthol-tobacco estimate = 17.3) than former (estimate = 6.0) and current (estimate = 7.2) smokers. Appeal was lower for nicotine-containing than nicotine-free solutions in each group; this difference was greater in never smokers (nicotine-nicotine-free estimate = -17.3) than former (estimate = -7.0) and current (estimate = -10.6) smokers. Compared to tobacco flavors, nicotine's appeal-reducing effects were suppressed by fruit and menthol flavors in never smokers.
conclusionsHigher appeal of non-tobacco-flavored (vs. tobacco-flavored) and lower appeal of nicotine-containing (vs. nicotine-free) e-cigarettes may be widespread in young adults but disproportionately amplified in never smokers. Non-tobacco flavors may suppress nicotine's appeal-lowering qualities in never smokers. The impact of regulating non-tobacco flavors in e-cigarettes may vary by smoking history.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.