ArticleAssessment2021
Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS): Validation in a Large Multisite College Sample.
Article in Assessment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Catatonia and Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Automated Insulin Delivery in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.NEJM evidence · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Extended Time on Exams for College Students and Applicants With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized, Counterbalanced Crossover and Within-Subject Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Comparison of the effects of executive function training, medication treatment and support group intervention on the symptoms and executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Executive Functions Mediate Between Endometriosis Burden and Women's Daily Life.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- The development and assessment of a movement-based coaching program on executive function skills: an exploratory quality improvement study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of the executive function scale in Cuban university student.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Assessing executive functioning in higher education: development and structural validation of a new self-report scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Age-related cognitive complaints and emotional difficulties associated with symptoms of ADHD: a study of gender differences.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Adults With a History of Depression: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Examining the Use of VR as a Study Aid for University Students with ADHD.Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI Conference · 2024Article
- A quantitative analysis of fidgeting in ADHD and its relation to performance and sustained attention on a cognitive task.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining the structural equation modeling between intrinsic-motivation, emotion regulation and AHDH: the mediating role of problem-solving, time-management, and behavioral-inhibition.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2023Article
- The interplay of ADHD characteristics and executive functioning with the GPA and divergent thinking of engineering students: A conceptual replication and extension.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Factorial Structure of the EOCL-1 Scale to Assess Executive Functions.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Trans-diagnostic measurement of impulsivity and compulsivity: A review of self-report tools.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the importance of daily life executive functioning (EF) for college students' success, few measures exist that have been validated in college students specifically. This study examined the factor structure of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) in college students. Participants were 1,311 students (ages 18-28 years, 65% female) from five universities in the United States. Additionally, the study examined invariance across sex, age, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Exploratory structural equation modeling provided strong support for the BDEFS five-factor structure though some items had high cross-loadings on multiple factors. Findings generally supported invariance across sex and age; however, loadings, thresholds, and factor means differed based on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Stronger support for invariance across sex emerged for a reduced item version that eliminated cross-loading items. Overall, findings provide support for the validity and utility of the BDEFS in college students.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.