ArticlePhotodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy2019
Inactivation kinetics and lethal dose analysis of antimicrobial blue light and photodynamic therapy.
Article in Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by phenothiazine photosensitizers against Candida albicans and Candida auris: a systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Mono- and Dicapsaicinoid Functionalization on the Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Activity of Protoporphyrin IX.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Enhancement and Limitations of Green-Spectrum Dual-Wavelength Irradiation in Porphyrin-Based Antimicrobial Strategies TargetingPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Low-Irradiance Antimicrobial Blue Light-Bathing Therapy for Wound Infection Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Boar Semen with Blue LED Light.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Inactivate Multidrug-ResistantPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Blue Light Compromises Bacterial β-Lactamases Activity to Overcome β-Lactam Resistance.Lasers in surgery and medicine · 2024Article
- Photodynamic Inactivation of Foodborne Bacteria: Screening of 32 Potential Photosensitizers.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Blue Light Potentiates Antibiotics in Bacteria via Parallel Pathways of Hydroxyl Radical Production and Enhanced Antibiotic Uptake.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- A Systematic Evaluation of Curcumin Concentrations and Blue Light Parameters towards Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Cariogenic Microorganisms.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a 'Light' at the End of the Tunnel?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An Approach to Improve Energy Efficiency during Antimicrobial Blue Light Inactivation: Application of Pulse-Width Modulation Dimming to Balance Irradiance and Irradiation Time.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Strengthening collaborations at the Biology-Physics interface: trends in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.Biophysical reviews · 2023Review
- UV-C irradiation-based inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in contaminated porous and non-porous surfaces.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2022Article
- Photoinactivation of catalase sensitizes a wide range of bacteria to ROS-producing agents and immune cells.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Study of Viral Photoinactivation by UV-C Light and Photosensitizer Using a Pseudotyped Model.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial blue light: A 'Magic Bullet' for the 21st century and beyond?Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation is effective against SARS-CoV-2 in contaminated makeup powder and lipstick.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology · 2021Article
- Metagenomic, Metabolomic, and Functional Evaluation of Kimchi Broth Treated with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).Metabolites · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) has been used to treat infections. Currently, microbial inactivation data is reported presenting survival fraction averages and standard errors as discrete points instead of a continuous curve of inactivation kinetics. Standardization of this approach would allow clinical protocols to be introduced globally, instead of the piecemeal situation which currently applies.
methodsTo this end, we used a power-law function to fit inactivation kinetics and directly report values of lethal doses (LD) and a tolerance factor (T) that informs if inactivation rate varies along the irradiation procedure. A deduced formula was also tested to predict LD for any given survival fraction value. We analyzed the photoantimicrobial effect caused by red light activation of methylene blue (MB-APDT) and by blue light (BL) activation of endogenous microbial pigments against 5 clinically relevant pathogens.
resultsFollowing MB- APDT, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells become increasingly more tolerant to inactivation along the irradiation process (T < 1). Klebsiella pneumoniae presents opposite behavior, i.e., more inactivation is observed towards the end of the process (T > 1). P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans present constant inactivation rate (T˜1). In contrast, all bacterial species presented similar behavior during inactivation caused by BL, i.e., continuously becoming more sensitive to blue light exposure (T > 1).
conclusionThe power-law function successfully fit all experimental data. Our proposed method precisely predicted LD and T values. We expect that these analytical models may contribute to more standardized methods for comparisons of photodynamic inactivation efficiencies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.