ArticleESC heart failure2019
Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer- and cardiac-induced cachexia: same fate through different inflammatory mediators?Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Glucose and lipopolysaccharide differentially regulate fibroblast growth factor 21 in healthy male human volunteers - A prospective cross-over trial.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Trial
- Muscle-Tumor Crosstalk in Exercise Oncology: Exercise-Induced Myokines and Cancer Cachexia.Cancers · 2026Review
- Exercise reveals precocious-subclinical cardiovascular and muscular dysfunction in transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia (TDT) patients without cardiac iron overload.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Fos-induced osteosarcoma growth causes a cachexia-like phenotype in mice and correlates with high Fgf21 serum levels.Cancer & metabolism · 2026Article
- Prognostic Impact of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Patients With Heart Failure.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Association of an impaired GH-IGF-I axis with cardiac wasting in patients with advanced cancer.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Article
- FGF21 protects against HFpEF by improving cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex-specific impact ofTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- Highlighting the idea of exerkines in the management of cancer patients with cachexia: novel insights and a critical review.BMC cancer · 2023Review
- The effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 on a mouse model of bovine viral diarrhea.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardiac remodeling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 in heart failure.Heart failure reviews · 2023Review
- FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Defines a Potential Cardiohepatic Signaling Circuit in End-Stage Heart Failure.Circulation. Heart failure · 2022Article
- Evaluation of atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation patients with three different methods.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Predicts Short-Term Prognosis in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Elevated Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Relevant to Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- The role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.Chinese medical journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsCardiac cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and high mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) are associated with cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. We investigated FGF-21 and MCP-1 in relations to cardiac function, inflammation, and wasting in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and cardiac cachexia. METHODS AND
resultsPlasma FGF-21 and MCP-1 were measured in a cross-sectional study among the three study groups: 19 patients with HFrEF with cardiac cachexia, 19 patients with HFrEF without cachexia, and 19 patients with ischaemic heart disease and preserved ejection fraction. Patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia displayed higher FGF-21 levels median (inter quantile range) 381 (232-577) pg/mL than patients with HFrEF without cachexia 224 (179-309) pg/mL and ischaemic heart disease patients 221 (156-308) pg/mL (P = 0.0496). No difference in MCP-1 levels were found among the groups (P = 0.345). In a multivariable regression analysis, FGF-21 (logarithm 2) was independently associated with interleukin 6 (logarithm 2) (P = 0.015) and lower muscle mass (P = 0.043), while no relation with N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide was observed.
conclusionsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) levels were elevated in patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia, which could be mediated by increased inflammation and muscle wasting rather than impaired cardiac function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.