ArticleJournal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry2019
A Case Study to Identify the Drug Conjugation Site of a Site-Specific Antibody-Drug-Conjugate Using Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry.
Article in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Combined with High-Resolution Charge Variant Analysis of Trastuzumab Originator and Biosimilars.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- New Frontiers in ADC Analysis: Advances in Chromatography, Electrophoresis, and Mass Spectrometry.The AAPS journal · 2025Review
- Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry of Antibodies.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2025Review
- Combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and top-down mass spectrometry for characterisation of adeno-associated virus capsid proteins.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Enhanced Payload Localization in Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using a Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Approach with Proton Transfer Charge Reduction.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- [Applications of native mass spectrometry and ultraviolet photodissociation in protein structure and interaction analysis].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2024Review
- Enhanced Characterization of Lysine-Linked Antibody Drug Conjugates Enabled by Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry and Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation-Triggered Electron-Transfer/Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation and Ultraviolet Photodissociation.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Internal Fragments Enhance Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Structural Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Improved characterization of trastuzumab deruxtecan with PTCR and internal fragments implemented in middle-down MS workflows.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Mass spectrometry characterization of antibodies at the intact and subunit levels: from targeted to large-scale analysis.International journal of mass spectrometry · 2023Article
- Added Value of Internal Fragments for Top-Down Mass Spectrometry of Intact Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Generation of DAR1 Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Ultrapotent Payloads Using Tailored GlycoConnect Technology.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2023Article
- AJICAP Second Generation: Improved Chemical Site-Specific Conjugation Technology for Antibody-Drug Conjugate Production.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2023Article
- Analysis of Viral Spike Protein N-Glycosylation Using Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- High-Throughput Multi-attribute Analysis of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Enabled by Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Top-Down Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Importance and Considerations of Antibody Engineering in Antibody-Drug Conjugates Development from a Clinical Pharmacologist's Perspective.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Internal Fragments Generated from Different Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Methods Extend Protein Sequence Coverage.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2021Article
- Rapid Analysis of Reduced Antibody Drug Conjugate by Online LC-MS/MS with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Interlaboratory Study for Characterizing Monoclonal Antibodies by Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2020Article
- Use of Multiple Ion Fragmentation Methods to Identify Protein Cross-Links and Facilitate Comparison of Data Interpretation Algorithms.Journal of proteome research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Middle-down mass spectrometry (MD MS) has emerged as a promising alternative to classical bottom-up approaches for protein characterization. Middle-level experiments after enzymatic digestion are routinely used for subunit analysis of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-related compounds, providing information on drug load distribution and average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). However, peptide mapping is still the gold standard for primary amino acid sequence assessment, post-translational modifications (PTM), and drug conjugation identification and localization. However, peptide mapping strategies can be challenging when dealing with more complex and heterogeneous mAb formats, like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). We report here, for the first time, MD MS analysis of a third-generation site-specific DAR4 ADC using different fragmentation techniques, including higher-energy collisional- (HCD), electron-transfer (ETD) dissociation and 213 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD). UVPD used as a standalone technique for ADC subunit analysis afforded, within the same liquid chromatography-MS/MS run, enhanced performance in terms of primary sequence coverage compared to HCD- or ETD-based MD approaches, and generated substantially more MS/MS fragments containing either drug conjugation or glycosylation site information, leading to confident drug/glycosylation site identification. In addition, our results highlight the complementarity of ETD and UVPD for both primary sequence validation and drug conjugation/glycosylation site assessment. Altogether, our results highlight the potential of UVPD for ADC MD MS analysis for drug conjugation/glycosylation site assessment, and indicate that MD MS strategies can improve structural characterization of empowered next-generation mAb-based formats, especially for PTMs and drug conjugation sites validation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.