ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2020
Clozapine response trajectories and predictors of non-response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a chart review study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pharmacogenomics of Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2022Pooled it
- Virtual Reality-Assisted Therapy Compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Assessor-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2026Trial
- The association of schizophrenia polygenic scores with continuously-hospitalized, treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clozapine prescribing in Germany: temporal trends and regional variations, 2012-2022.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Neural substrates of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the response to clozapine: A structural MRI study in a clinical setting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for schizophrenia non-responsive to prior treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancing Predictive Power: Integrating a Linear Support Vector Classifier with Logistic Regression for Patient Outcome Prognosis in Virtual Reality Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Antipsychotic Use: Cross-Sectional Opinion Survey of Psychiatrists in India and United Kingdom.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lost in Translation: Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia.Cureus · 2023Review
- Identification of novel functional brain proteins for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Based on a proteome-wide association study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Article
- Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with treatment-resistant and ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Article
- Developing prediction models for symptom severity around the time of discharge from a tertiary-care program for treatment-resistant psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Second to none: rationale, timing, and clinical management of clozapine use in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Dopaminergic dysfunction and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and novel neuromodulatory treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- An international clozapine titration guideline to increase its safety and move forward on the route started by German-speaking psychiatrists in the 1960s.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Relationship between plasma clozapine/N-desmethylclozapine and changes in basal forebrain-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex coupling in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2022Article
- Using a statistical learning approach to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors of response to clozapine.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Interaction Testing and Polygenic Risk Scoring to Estimate the Association of Common Genetic Variants With Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Article
- Managing treatment resistance in schizophrenia: A joint study in Hong Kong and Singapore.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although clozapine is the main antipsychotic medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 40-70% of patients on clozapine have persistent psychotic symptoms (i.e. ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia, UTRS). We aimed to examine clozapine response/non-response patterns in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, as well as determine patient clinico-demographic factors associated with long-term clozapine non-response. Clinico-demographic characteristics of 241 patients on clozapine were collected through a retrospective chart review. The median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up from illness onset was 25.0 (IQR = 24.0) years. Clozapine response was assessed at median 10.8 (IQR = 14.0) months (Time 1, T1) and 7.2 (IQR = 13.5) years (Time 2, T2) after its initiation. It was evaluated by chart reviewers based on the information provided in clinical notes. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine clinico-demographic factors associated with clozapine non-response at both T1 and T2 (i.e. stable UTRS, S-UTRS) compared to clozapine response at both times (i.e. stable clozapine responders, S-ClozResp). Among clozapine responders (n = 122) at T1, 83.6% remained clozapine responsive and 16.4% became non-responsive at T2. In the UTRS group (n = 119) at T1, 87.4% remained clozapine non-responsive and 12.6% became responsive at T2. Duration of delay in clozapine initiation (OR = 0.94, Wald χ
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