ArticleNucleic acids research2019
The autoregulator Aca2 mediates anti-CRISPR repression.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- An expanded realm of anti-CRISPR-associated proteins and regulatory mechanisms.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of a type I-F1 CRISPR-cas system from the clinical isolate Shewanella xiamenensis Sh95 reveals constitutive activity and plasmid-curing capability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Regulation of anti-CRISPR operons by structurally distinct families of Aca proteins.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Identification of regulatory sequences in Aca11 and Aca13 for detection of anti-CRISPR and protein-protein interaction.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A new anti-CRISPR gene promotes the spread of drug-resistance plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Article
- Regulatory sequence-based discovery of anti-defense genes in archaeal viruses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Inhibitors of bacterial immune systems: discovery, mechanisms and applications.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Current Updates of CRISPR/Cas System and Anti-CRISPR Proteins: Innovative Applications to Improve the Genome Editing Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Anti-CRISPR Discovery: Using Magnets to Find Needles in Haystacks.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Review
- Unveil the Secret of the Bacteria and Phage Arms Race.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Antibiotics that affect translation can antagonize phage infectivity by interfering with the deployment of counter-defenses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- AcaFinder: Genome Mining for Anti-CRISPR-Associated Genes.mSystems · 2022Article
- Structural basis of AcrIF24 as an anti-CRISPR protein and transcriptional suppressor.Nature chemical biology · 2022Article
- Molecular basis of dual anti-CRISPR and auto-regulatory functions of AcrIF24.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Molecular basis of anti-CRISPR operon repression by Aca10.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Lack of Cas13a inhibition by anti-CRISPR proteins from Leptotrichia prophages.Molecular cell · 2022Article
- Insights into the inhibition of type I-F CRISPR-Cas system by a multifunctional anti-CRISPR protein AcrIF24.Nature communications · 2022Article
- A mobile restriction-modification system provides phage defence and resolves an epigenetic conflict with an antagonistic endonuclease.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are widespread bacterial adaptive defence mechanisms that provide protection against bacteriophages. In response, phages have evolved anti-CRISPR proteins that inactivate CRISPR-Cas systems of their hosts, enabling successful infection. Anti-CRISPR genes are frequently found in operons with genes encoding putative transcriptional regulators. The role, if any, of these anti-CRISPR-associated (aca) genes in anti-CRISPR regulation is unclear. Here, we show that Aca2, encoded by the Pectobacterium carotovorum temperate phage ZF40, is an autoregulator that represses the anti-CRISPR-aca2 operon. Aca2 is a helix-turn-helix domain protein that forms a homodimer and interacts with two inverted repeats in the anti-CRISPR promoter. The inverted repeats are similar in sequence but differ in their Aca2 affinity, and we propose that they have evolved to fine-tune, and downregulate, anti-CRISPR production at different stages of the phage life cycle. Specific, high-affinity binding of Aca2 to the first inverted repeat blocks the promoter and induces DNA bending. The second inverted repeat only contributes to repression at high Aca2 concentrations in vivo, and no DNA binding was detectable in vitro. Our investigation reveals the mechanism by which an Aca protein regulates expression of its associated anti-CRISPR.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.