ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
The Dark Side of Fibroblasts: Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts as Mediators of Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07215182 ([68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for Response Evaluation During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Malignant Melanoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 453 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
[68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for Response Evaluation During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Malignant Melanoma
Who cites it
453 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- DNA Repair gene alterations and efficacy from gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel with/without durvalumab and tremelimumab in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Spatial proteomic profiling elucidates immune determinants of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Oncogene · 2024Trial
- The role of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA as a mitochondrial danger signal for stromal fibroblasts in forming the tumor-promoting microenvironment following radiation exposure.Journal of radiation research · 2026Review
- Review
- Multi-omics integration identifies PON2 as a prognostic biomarker and mediator of tumor microenvironment remodeling in gallbladder cancer.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Developing a prognostic signature with cancer-associated fibroblasts for predicting the prognosis and immune landscape of prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- In vitro effects of tensile strain on cancer-associated and matched normal fibroblasts derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma: an exploratory study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- ICAM-1⁺CD51⁺ CAFs drive immunosuppression in colorectal cancer via OPN-triggered chemokine secretion.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- ILC2s regulate a fibroblast progenitor niche in the pancreas.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Multidimensional explanations and future perspectives on the limited efficacy of immunotherapy in prostate cancer.Asian journal of andrology · 2026Review
- Patient-specific lung cancer tumoroids recapitulate the tumor microenvironments for functional evaluation of therapeutic responses and immune-stromal interactions.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- FAP-targeting peptide-directed nanoprobes enable tumor microenvironment-activatable MR/NIRF imaging of breast cancer primary tumor and lung metastases.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- The Double-Edged Sword: How Radiotherapy Shapes the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Modulate Responses to Checkpoint Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Parametric mapping of dynamicCancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Article
393 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent components of the microenvironment in most types of solid tumors, and were shown to facilitate cancer progression by supporting tumor cell growth, extracellular matrix remodeling, promoting angiogenesis, and by mediating tumor-promoting inflammation. In addition to an inflammatory microenvironment, tumors are characterized by immune evasion and an immunosuppressive milieu. In recent years, CAFs are emerging as central players in immune regulation that shapes the tumor microenvironment. CAFs contribute to immune escape of tumors via multiple mechanisms, including secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines and reciprocal interactions that mediate the recruitment and functional differentiation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, CAFs directly abrogate the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes, thus inhibiting killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in our understanding of how CAFs drive the recruitment and functional fate of tumor-infiltrating immune cells toward an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and provide outlook on future therapeutic implications that may lead to integration of preclinical findings into the design of novel combination strategies, aimed at impairing the tumor-supportive function of CAFs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.